MUSCULAR SYSTEM (2)

Question 1

smooth muscle

Answer 1

involuntary muscles found in the walls of hollow internal organs

Question 2

cardiac muscle

Answer 2

involuntary muscles found only in the heart wall

Question 3

skeletal muscle

Answer 3

voluntary muscles attached to the skeleton (antagonist- works in pairs)

Question 4

tendon

Answer 4

connective tissue that connects muscle to the bone

Question 5

origin

Answer 5

attachment of the muscle on a stationary bone

Question 6

insertion

Answer 6

attachment of a muscle on a bone that moves

Question 7

gluteus maxims

Answer 7

)makes up the buttocks and is the largest muscle) extends thigh to form buttocks

Question 8

deltoid

Answer 8

(shaped like a triangle) abducts and raises arm at shoulder point

Question 9

rectus abdominis

Answer 9

longitudinal muscle of the abdomen (flexes spine)

Question 10

masseter

Answer 10

closes jaw

Question 11

trapezius

Answer 11

extends head; raises and abducts shoulders dorsally

Question 12

external oblique

Answer 12

compresses abdomen; rotates trunk

Question 13

pectoralis major

Answer 13

flexes and adducts should and arm ventrally (pulls arm across chest)

Question 14

latissimus dorsi

Answer 14

extends and adducts shoulder and arm dorsally (pulls arm across back)

Question 15

triceps branchii

Answer 15

extends forearm

Question 16

sartorius

Answer 16

rotates thigh (sitting cross-legged)

Question 17

sarcolemma

Answer 17

plasma membrane

Question 18

sarcoplasm

Answer 18

the cytoplasm

Question 19

muscle fiber

Answer 19

a cell containing the usual cell components

Question 20

skeletal muscle contraction

Answer 20

1. nerve impulses travel down motor neurons and stimulate muscle fibers at neuromuscular junctions
2. when Ca2+ are released into muscle fibers, actin filaments slide past myosin filaments
3. synaptic vesicles release Ach which binds to protein receptors causing Ca to leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibril contraction follows.

Question 21

muscle twitch

Answer 21

a single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second

Question 22

summation

Answer 22

increased muscle contraction until maximal sustained contraction is reached

Question 23

tentanus

Answer 23

maximal sustained contraction

Question 24

tone

Answer 24

a continuous slight tension maintained by muscle fibers that take turns contracting

Question 25

sprain

Answer 25

twisting of a joint involving muscles, ligaments, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves

Question 26

strain

Answer 26

an injury that causes over stretching of a muscle near a joint

Question 27

tendinitis

Answer 27

inflamed tendon like tennis elbow

Question 28

bursitis

Answer 28

inflamed bursa (cortisone injections)

Question 29

muscular dystrophy

Answer 29

progressive degeneration and weakening of muscles

Question 30

myasthenia gravis

Answer 30

autoimmune disease characterized by weakness that affects the muscles of the eyelids, face, neck, and extremities

Question 31

myalgia

Answer 31

achy muscles due to injury or infection

Question 32

movement is essential to maintaining

Answer 32

homeostasis

Question 33

antagonistic

Answer 33

muscles that work in opposite pairs

Question 34

synergistic

Answer 34

muscles working in groups for a common action

Question 35

proteins

Answer 35

actin and myosin are

Question 36

bursae

Answer 36

Saclike, fluid- filled structures, lined with synovial membrane, that occurs near a joint.

Question 37

actin

Answer 37

One of two major proteins of muscle; makes up thin filaments in myofibrils of muscle fibers.

Question 38

myosin

Answer 38

One of two major proteins of muscle; makes up thick filaments in myofibrils of muscle fibers.

Question 39

tropomyosin

Answer 39

Protein that functions with troponin to block muscle contraction until calcium ions are present.

Question 40

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 40

Nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP into ADP + P makes energy avail-able for energy- requiring processes in cells.

Question 41

ligaments

Answer 41

Tough cord or band of dense fibrous connective tissue that joins bone to bone at a joint.