SENSES (4) Flashcards
sensory receptors
dendrites specialized to detect certain types of stimuli
extroceptors
detect stimuli from outside the body (taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium)
interoceptors
detects stimuli from inside the body
- changes in the blood pressure
- changes in the blood volume
- monitor pH of the blood
chemoreceptors
respond to chemical substances (taste, smell, and monitor blood pH)
pain receptors (nocicepters)
naked dendrites that respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues (pain from the skin and the internal organs)
photoreceptors
respond to light energy (cones and rods)
ADH
keep H2O
mechanoreceptors
stimulated by mechanical forces (touch, pressure, hearing, balance, degree of lung inflation, and changes in blood pressure
baroreceptor
changes in blood pressure
thermoreceptor
stimulated by changes in temp (warm and cold)
how sensation occurs
- when nerve impulses arrive at the cerebral cortex of the brain
- perception, which also occurs in the cerebral cortex, is an interpretation of this
proprioceptors
mechanoreceptors involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone (balance and posture)
pain from the heart
pain felt in the left shoulder and arm
olfactory
smell receptors
3 layers of the eye
- sclera (white of the eye) maintains the shape of the eye
- choroid (middle layer of cells) nourishes the tissues of the eye and absorbs scattered light rays
- retina (contains visual receptors) where image is produced- upside down
rods
- sensitive to light
- contain a visual pigment called rhodopsin
- important for peripheral and night vision
- vitamin A is important for proper functioning
cones
- require bright light to respond to wavelengths of light (color)
- they are located mostly in the fovea
- allow us to detect fine detail and color
color blindness
5% to 8% of the male population is unable to distinguish the colors red and green
glaucoma
fluid pressure builds up in the eye
astigmatism
condition in which the cornea or lens is uneven, leading to a fuzzy image
nearsightedness
eyeball is too long, making it hard to see far away objects
farsightedness
eyeball is too short, making it hard to see near objects
pinna (ear flap)
catches sound waves
auditory canal (connects pinna to the eardrum)
directs sound waves to the tympanic membrane
cochlea (inner ear)
- converts vibrations into nerve impulses
- contains the spinal organ which is the sense organ containing hairs for hearing
semicircular canals (inner ear)
-detects angular movement (rotational equilibrium)
nocieptor
Sensory receptor that is sensitive to chemicals released by damaged tissues or excess stimuli of heat or pressure; pain receptors.
gustation (chemo)
taste receptor
equilibrium
-mechanos (ears, eyes, proprio, hearing)