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BiSci > NERVOUS SYSTEM (3) > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM (3) Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

specialized for processing info and sending messages from one part of the body to another

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2
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

consists of nerves

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4
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that transmit impulses

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5
Q

neuroglia

A

support and nourish the neurons (help neurons)

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6
Q

neuron structure: cell body

A

contains nucleus and other organelles

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7
Q

neuron structure: dendrites

A

receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons

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8
Q

neuron structure: axon (nerve fiber)

A

conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

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9
Q

the myelin sheath

A

a lipid covering on long axons that acts to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction, insulation, and regeneration in the PNS

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10
Q

schwann cells

A

neuroglia that makes up the myelin sheath in the PNS (helps speed it up)

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11
Q

saltatory conduction

A

conduction of the nerve impulse from node to node

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12
Q

action potential

A

rapid changes in membrane carried down the axon (allows the nerve impulse to occur)

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13
Q

depolarization

A

lets Na+ in

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14
Q

repolarization

A

lets K+ out

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15
Q

synapse

A

transmission of impulse across a synaptic cleft from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane (GAP)

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16
Q

integration

A

is the summation of the inhibitory and excitatory signals received by a postsynaptic neuron (end result of what your body is going to do)

17
Q

meniges (CNS)

A

three membranes covering and protecting the spinal cord and brain

18
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) (CNS)

A

cushions and protects the CNS

19
Q

gray matter (CNS)

A

cell bodies and short nonmyelinated fibers

20
Q

white matter (CNS)

A

contains myelinated axons

21
Q

cerebrum

A
  1. frontal lobe- primary motor area and conscious thought
  2. temporal lobe- primary auditory, smell, and speech area
  3. parietal lobe- primary somatosensory and taste area
  4. occipital lobe- primary visual area
22
Q

wernicke`s area

A

helps us understand both written and spoken word

23
Q

broca`s area

A

adds grammatical refinements and directs the primary motor area to stimulate the appropriate muscles for speaking

24
Q

limbic system

A

emotions

25
Q

brainstem (3)

A
  1. midbrain- acts as a relay station for impulses passing between the cerebrum and the spinal cord or cerebellum (also a relax center)
  2. pons- regulates breathing rate and has reflex centers concerned with head movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli
  3. medulla oblongata- reflex centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
26
Q

somatic and autonomic

A

PNS is divided into 2 systems

27
Q

autonomic system

A

regulates activity of the cardiac and smooth muscles and the glands

28
Q

sympathetic division

A

coordinates the body for action “fight or flight”

  • speeds up metabolism
  • speeds up heart action and breathing
29
Q

parasympathetic divison

A

brings about the responses we associate with a relaxed state

  • slows down metabolism
  • slows down heart action and breathing
30
Q

somatic system

A

serves the skin, skeletal muscles, and tendons

31
Q

reflex arch

A
  • sensory neuron (to spinal cord glands)
  • interneuron (spinal cord)
  • motor neuron (from spinal cord)
  • effector (to muscles)
32
Q

resting potential *negative charge

A 
1. Na+ gates open up = depolarized 
(cell becomes more +)
2. Na+ gates close = repolarize 
(cell becomes more -)
3. K+ gates open
4. K+ gates close
5. Na/K pump
33
Q

semantic

A

skeletal muscle and voluntary

34
Q

autonomic

A
  • involuntary, glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

- either sympathetic or parasympathetic

BiSci (19 decks)

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