Sister Callista Roy: Adaptation Theory Flashcards
Focuses on the goal of nursing care: to promote patient adaptation; It analyzes who is the focus of nursing care, the target of that care, and when that care is indicated.
Adaptation Model of Nursing
Human systems have thinking and feeling capacities, rooted in consciousness and meaning, by which they adjust effectively to changes in the environment and, in turn, affect the environment; holistic beings who are constantly interacting with their environment
Person
Health is not freedom from the inevitability of death,
disease, unhappiness, and stress, but the ability to cope with them in a competent way; the ability of humans to continually adapt to stimuli; outcome of a process in which health and illness coexist. If humans can continue to adapt holistically, that is, physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually, they will be able to maintain health and achieve completeness and
unity within themselves.
Health
“the conditions, circumstances and influences
surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons or groups, with particular consideration of the mutuality of person and health resources that include focal, contextual and residual stimuli.”; a stimulus or input to which a person must adapt.
Environment
those that confront the human system and demand the most attention
Focal Stimuli
all other stimuli present in the situation that contribute to the effect of the focal stimulus, that is, all the environmental factors that present to the person from within or without but are not the center of the person’s attention and/or energy.
Contextual Stimuli
additional environmental factors present in the situation but whose effect is unclear; this can include previous experience with certain stimuli.
Residual Stimuli
“the promotion of adaptation for individuals and groups in each of the four adaptive modes, thus contributing to health, quality of life, and dying with dignity.”
Nursing
The adaptability facilitators in the Adaptation Model; they evaluate the patient’s behaviors for adaptation, promote positive adaptation by improving environment interactions, and assist patients in responding positively to stimuli.
Nurses
To achieve survival, growth, reproduction, personal, and environmental transformations. If we fail to adapt, or use ineffective coping mechanisms, we cannot achieve these goals.
Goal of Adaptation
1) Control processes
2) Effector subsystem
Two Interrelated Subsystems
1) Regulator subsystems
2) Cognator subsystems
Control processes (Coping Mechanisms)
Automatically reacts through neurological, chemical, and endocrine coping mechanisms
Regulator subsystems
Responds through four cognitive-emotive channels
Cognator subsystems
1) Physiological function
2) Self-concept
3) Role function
4) Interdependence
Four Adaptive Modes
Concerned with how humans interact with their surroundings through physiological processes in order to satisfy fundamental requirements such as oxygenation, nourishment, excretion, activity and rest, and protection
Physiological function
Psychic and spiritual integrity; focused on the necessity to understand one’s own identity and how to behave in society; “The composite of beliefs or feelings that an individual holds about him- or herself at any given time.”
Self-concept
Physical Self & Personal Self
Components of Self-concept
body sensation and image
Physical self
composed of self-consistency, self-ideal, and the moral-
ethical spiritual self
Personal self
Social integrity; describes the primary, secondary, and tertiary roles that an individual performs in society. It details the expectations of how one person must behave towards another.
Role function
Relational integrity; describes the interactions of people in society. It states that people give and receive love, respect, and value from the community around them. The key components of this mode are a person’s partner (spouse, child, friend, or God) and their social support system.
Interdependence
Adaptive and Ineffective
Types of Responses
“responses that promote integrity of the person in terms of goals of survival, growth, reproduction, and mastery.”
Adaptive responses
“responses that do not contribute to adaptive goals.”
Ineffective responses
recognizes their innate, distinct function and develops coping methods to aid their adaptation to their environment.
Person
to encourage adaptability in health and disease circumstances in order to improve people’s interactions with their surroundings
The nurse’s duty
A state of successful positive adaptation to environmental stimuli that interfere with basic need satisfaction and threaten to upset one’s balance; a reflection of the adaptation process and may be seen in each of the four integrated adaptive modes.
Health
“process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons as individuals or in groups use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration.”
Adaptation
The nurse must assess the behaviors manifested from the four adaptive modes: physiological mode, self-concept mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode
First Level Assessment
An action or reaction under specified circumstances; it may or may not be observable
Behavior
The nurse must assess and categorize the stimuli for those behaviors;
Second Level Assessment
underlying causes or factors contributing to the behaviors observed in the first level assessment; are manipulated via interventions to achieve patient goals
Stimuli
The nurse must make a nursing diagnosis based on the patient’s current adaptive state
Diagnosis
The nurse must set goals to promote adaptation; setting goals must involve the statement of nursing care behavioral outcomes, promoting adaptation
Goal Setting
The nurse must implement interventions that are aimed at managing stimuli to promote adaptation and achieve the set goals.
Intervention
The nurse must evaluate the result of the set adaptive goals; This step focuses on judging the effectiveness of the selected nursing intervention in relation to the behavior of the patient.
Evaluation
1) A patient diagnosed with breast cancer, about to go into breast-conserving surgery
2) Assessing Families
Application to Actual Health Situations
