Sister Callista Roy: Adaptation Theory

Question 1

Focuses on the goal of nursing care: to promote patient adaptation; It analyzes who is the focus of nursing care, the target of that care, and when that care is indicated.

Answer 1

Adaptation Model of Nursing

Question 2

Human systems have thinking and feeling capacities, rooted in consciousness and meaning, by which they adjust effectively to changes in the environment and, in turn, affect the environment; holistic beings who are constantly interacting with their environment

Answer 2

Person

Question 3

Health is not freedom from the inevitability of death,
disease, unhappiness, and stress, but the ability to cope with them in a competent way; the ability of humans to continually adapt to stimuli; outcome of a process in which health and illness coexist. If humans can continue to adapt holistically, that is, physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually, they will be able to maintain health and achieve completeness and
unity within themselves.

Answer 3

Health

Question 4

“the conditions, circumstances and influences
surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons or groups, with particular consideration of the mutuality of person and health resources that include focal, contextual and residual stimuli.”; a stimulus or input to which a person must adapt.

Answer 4

Environment

Question 5

those that confront the human system and demand the most attention

Answer 5

Focal Stimuli

Question 6

all other stimuli present in the situation that contribute to the effect of the focal stimulus, that is, all the environmental factors that present to the person from within or without but are not the center of the person’s attention and/or energy.

Answer 6

Contextual Stimuli

Question 7

additional environmental factors present in the situation but whose effect is unclear; this can include previous experience with certain stimuli.

Answer 7

Residual Stimuli

Question 8

“the promotion of adaptation for individuals and groups in each of the four adaptive modes, thus contributing to health, quality of life, and dying with dignity.”

Answer 8

Nursing

Question 9

The adaptability facilitators in the Adaptation Model; they evaluate the patient’s behaviors for adaptation, promote positive adaptation by improving environment interactions, and assist patients in responding positively to stimuli.

Answer 9

Nurses

Question 10

To achieve survival, growth, reproduction, personal, and environmental transformations. If we fail to adapt, or use ineffective coping mechanisms, we cannot achieve these goals.

Answer 10

Goal of Adaptation

Question 11

1) Control processes

2) Effector subsystem

Answer 11

Two Interrelated Subsystems

Question 12

1) Regulator subsystems

2) Cognator subsystems

Answer 12

Control processes (Coping Mechanisms)

Question 13

Automatically reacts through neurological, chemical, and endocrine coping mechanisms

Answer 13

Regulator subsystems

Question 14

Responds through four cognitive-emotive channels

Answer 14

Cognator subsystems

Question 15

1) Physiological function
2) Self-concept
3) Role function
4) Interdependence

Answer 15

Four Adaptive Modes

Question 16

Concerned with how humans interact with their surroundings through physiological processes in order to satisfy fundamental requirements such as oxygenation, nourishment, excretion, activity and rest, and protection

Answer 16

Physiological function

Question 17

Psychic and spiritual integrity; focused on the necessity to understand one’s own identity and how to behave in society; “The composite of beliefs or feelings that an individual holds about him- or herself at any given time.”

Answer 17

Self-concept

Question 18

Physical Self & Personal Self

Answer 18

Components of Self-concept

Question 19

body sensation and image

Answer 19

Physical self

Question 20

composed of self-consistency, self-ideal, and the moral-

ethical spiritual self

Answer 20

Personal self

Question 21

Social integrity; describes the primary, secondary, and tertiary roles that an individual performs in society. It details the expectations of how one person must behave towards another.

Answer 21

Role function

Question 22

Relational integrity; describes the interactions of people in society. It states that people give and receive love, respect, and value from the community around them. The key components of this mode are a person’s partner (spouse, child, friend, or God) and their social support system.

Answer 22

Interdependence

Question 23

Adaptive and Ineffective

Answer 23

Types of Responses

Question 24

“responses that promote integrity of the person in terms of goals of survival, growth, reproduction, and mastery.”

Answer 24

Adaptive responses

Question 25

“responses that do not contribute to adaptive goals.”

Answer 25

Ineffective responses

Question 26

recognizes their innate, distinct function and develops coping methods to aid their adaptation to their environment.

Answer 26

Person

Question 27

to encourage adaptability in health and disease circumstances in order to improve people’s interactions with their surroundings

Answer 27

The nurse’s duty

Question 28

A state of successful positive adaptation to environmental stimuli that interfere with basic need satisfaction and threaten to upset one’s balance; a reflection of the adaptation process and may be seen in each of the four integrated adaptive modes.

Answer 28

Health

Question 29

“process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons as individuals or in groups use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration.”

Answer 29

Adaptation

Question 30

The nurse must assess the behaviors manifested from the four adaptive modes: physiological mode, self-concept mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode

Answer 30

First Level Assessment

Question 31

An action or reaction under specified circumstances; it may or may not be observable

Answer 31

Behavior

Question 32

The nurse must assess and categorize the stimuli for those behaviors;

Answer 32

Second Level Assessment

Question 33

underlying causes or factors contributing to the behaviors observed in the first level assessment; are manipulated via interventions to achieve patient goals

Answer 33

Stimuli

Question 34

The nurse must make a nursing diagnosis based on the patient’s current adaptive state

Answer 34

Diagnosis

Question 35

The nurse must set goals to promote adaptation; setting goals must involve the statement of nursing care behavioral outcomes, promoting adaptation

Answer 35

Goal Setting

Question 36

The nurse must implement interventions that are aimed at managing stimuli to promote adaptation and achieve the set goals.

Answer 36

Intervention

Question 37

The nurse must evaluate the result of the set adaptive goals; This step focuses on judging the effectiveness of the selected nursing intervention in relation to the behavior of the patient.

Answer 37

Evaluation

Question 38

1) A patient diagnosed with breast cancer, about to go into breast-conserving surgery
2) Assessing Families

Answer 38

Application to Actual Health Situations