Hildegard Peplau: Interpersonal Relations Theory

Question 1

Known as “Mother of Psychiatric Nursing” and “Nurse of the Century”

Answer 1

Hildegard Peplau

Question 2

A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety/tension caused by needs

Answer 2

Person/Man

Question 3

Consists of existing forces outside of the person and put in the context of culture; Peplau does not directly address society/environment but encourages the nurse to consider the patient’s culture and mores when the patient adjusts to the hospital routine

Answer 3

Environment

Question 4

Word symbol that implies a forward movement of personality and other ongoing human
processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living

Answer 4

Health

Question 5

An interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an individual who is sick or in
need of health services and a nurse specially educated to recognize, respond to the need for help. It is a “maturing force and an educative instrument” involving an interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal.

Answer 5

Nursing

Question 6

• Emphasized the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
• Emphasized the give-and-take of nurse-client relationships that was seen by many as revolutionary.
• Emphasized the need for a partnership between nurse and client as opposed to the client passively receiving treatment and the nurse passively acting out doctor’s orders.
• Explains nursing’s purpose is to help others identify their felt difficulties and that nurses should apply
  principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience

Answer 6

Interpersonal Theory

Question 7

1. The nurse and the patient can interact.
2. Peplau emphasized that both the patient and nurse mature as the result of the therapeutic interaction.
3. Communication and interviewing skills remain fundamental nursing tools.
4. Peplau believed that nurses must clearly understand themselves to promote their client’s growth and
   avoid limiting their choices to those that nurses value.

Answer 7

Theory Assumptions

Question 8

1) Orientation
2) Identification
3) Exploitation
4) Resolution

Answer 8

Four (4) Phases of the therapeutic nurse- patient relationship

Question 9

Involves engaging the client in treatment, providing explanations and information, and answering questions

Answer 9

Orientation

Question 10

Begins when the client works interdependently with the nurse, expresses feelings, and begins to feel stronger

Answer 10

Identification

Question 11

The client makes full use of the services offered

Answer 11

Exploitation

Question 12

The client no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior. The relationship ends.

Answer 12

Resolution

Question 13

On admission, during intensive period, convalescence and rehabilitation

Answer 13

Orientation

Question 14

During intensive treatment period, convalescence and rehabilitation

Answer 14

Identification

Question 15

During Intense treatment period, convalescence and rehabilitation, discharge

Answer 15

Exploitation

Question 16

Convalescence and rehabilitation, discharge

Answer 16

Resolution

Question 17

1. Stranger
2. Resource Person
3. Teacher
4. Leader
5. Surrogate
6. Counselor
7. Technical Expert

Answer 17

Seven (7) Nursing Roles of the Interpersonal Theory

Question 18

Accepts the client in the same way that one would meet a stranger in other situations, creating a welcoming environment that fosters trust.

Answer 18

Stranger

Question 19

Person who actually provides accurate and necessary information that aids in the client or patient

Answer 19

Resource person

Question 20

Who disseminates information in response to a need or interest and assisting the client in formal or informal learning

Answer 20

Teacher

Question 21

Offering instructions to a client or a group and assists the client in taking full responsibility for
achieving treatment goals in a mutually satisfying manner

Answer 21

Leader

Question 22

Assists in the clarification of domains of reliance, interdependence, and independence, and
works as an advocate for clients.

Answer 22

Surrogate

Question 23

Provides assistance and encouragement to make adjustments by assisting in understanding and integrating the meaning of present life circumstances

Answer 23

Counselor

Question 24

Taking care of the patient’s physical needs and operating equipment

Answer 24

Technical Expert

Question 25

they coincide in terms of data collection and interviewing the patient

Answer 25

Assessment with the orientation phase

Question 26

they coincide in terms of goal setting

Answer 26

Nursing diagnosis and planning with the identification phase

Question 27

They coincide in terms of actually initiating and applying what was assessed and planned

Answer 27

Implementation as to the exploitation phase

Question 28

they coincide in terms of achieving the goal

Answer 28

Evaluation with the resolution phase

Question 29

• Later nursing theorists and clinicians used Peplau’s idea to generate additional therapeutic approaches for roles that have a dynamic nature, as seen in clinical nursing.
• Its phases simplify the natural flow of the nurse-patient relationship, allowing for adaptation in any nurse-patient interaction and hence generalizability.

Answer 29

Strengths

Question 30

• The nurse-client relationship was emphasized by Peplau as the core of nursing practice, but health promotion and maintenance were not.
• Furthermore, the notion cannot be applied to individuals who do not have a perceived need, such as withdrawn patients.

Answer 30

Weaknesses