Faye Glenn Abdellah: Twenty-One Nursing Problems

Question 1

Developed the 21 nursing problems; was recognized as the leader in the development of nursing research and nursing as a
profession within the US Public Health Service; known as an international expert on health problems

Answer 1

Faye Glenn Abdellah

Question 2

Doesn’t just have the physical needs we are usually aware of but instead, man also have emotional and sociological needs. It also refers to individuals and families who receive the nursing or care.

Answer 2

Man

Question 3

Mentioned by Abdellah as the purpose of nursing services. Although she did not exactly define health, she mentioned “total health needs” and “a healthy state of mind and body.”

Answer 3

Health

Question 4

The home or community where the patients come from so it pertains to where the people live; t is included in the planning of optimum health on local state, national and international levels.

Answer 4

Environment

Question 5

as stated by Abdellah, it is based on an art and science that molds the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs; an art and science that aids in the formation of the desire and ability of nurses to help people with their health needs.

Answer 5

Nursing

Question 6

• Pertains to the importance of knowing the differences among your patient’s certain needs.
• Every patient is not all the same, thus, their needs differ from one another and understanding and differentiating those needs helps us identify which process is more effective to attain a certain goal which is obtaining the overall healing and recovery of the human being.

Answer 6

Framework: Physical, Sociological and Emotional needs

Question 7

A patient is involved and encouraged to participate in an assessment, thus, improving the chances of achieving the highest quality of health service to be rendered to the patient in need.

Answer 7

Framework: Common Elements of Patient

Question 8

• Building relationships with the patients both benefit the health provider and the patient in need, where trust needs to be constructed between the health provider and the patient.
• Poor communication may lead to medical and treatment errors, inability to navigate the health status of a patient may result in ineffectiveness and fallacy of the treatment and recovery process of the patient.
• These are interrelated with the main purpose of nursing practices by Faye Glenn Abdellah, wherein these factors are needed altogether to perform effective health service to the patients.

Answer 8

Framework: Interpersonal relationships

Question 9

• Good hygiene protects people from acquiring infectious diseases so when a patient is soiled we should properly help them to be clean.
• Physical comfort, on the other hand, can be achieved by properly positioning the patient in their bed.

Answer 9

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort

Question 10

• Exercising is important to maintain our health.
• As for rest and sleep, we should provide a conducive environment for them to be able to sleep well, for instance, by reducing the noise and dimming the light.

Answer 10

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest, and sleep

Question 11

• When we leave a patient we should ensure that the side rails of his or her bed are up so that the patient won’t fall from the bed.
• Then to prevent the spread of infection, we should never forget to do hand hygiene and disinfect the equipment.

Answer 11

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To promote safety through prevention of accident, injury, or other trauma and the prevention of the spread of infection

Question 12

• When we leave a patient we should ensure that the side rails of his or her bed are up so that the patient won’t fall from the bed.
• Then to prevent the spread of infection, we should never forget to do hand hygiene and disinfect the equipment.

Answer 12

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To promote safety through prevention of accident, injury, or other trauma and the prevention of the spread of infection

Question 13

By this, we should position the patient properly.

Answer 13

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity

Question 14

• We know that oxygen is the gas our body needs to function properly.
• So when patients experience difficulty in breathing, oxygen is attached to them.

Answer 14

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells

Question 15

One example for this are patients na nag uundergo sa endoscopic procedures which also means na advised na NPO (nothing by mouth).

Answer 15

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition for all body cells

Question 16

• So sa hospitals meron tayong mga comfort rooms sa buildings and lalo na kwarto ng mga patients.
• So for patients na hindi makagalaw, or need ng assistance, bibigyan natin ng bedpans or urinals na mag cocollect ng urine or feces ng patient.
• And dito rin papasok ang paggamit ng catheter.

Answer 16

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate the maintenance of elimination

Question 17

• Pag monitor ng mga IV fluids na binibigay sa patients na angkop sa advised at prescription ng doctors.
• For example para sa patient na may low serum potassium, KCl (potassium chloride) yung ibibigay natin sa kanila.

Answer 17

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 18

• In this nursing problem, we take note of signs of diseases exhibited by our patients.
• For example kung may sign ng internal gastrointestinal bleeding, we monitor it by taking the vital signs of the patient, the blood pressure and heart rate.

Answer 18

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions–pathological, physiological, and compensatory

Question 19

For example pag napapansin or nagsabi ng pasyente na nahihirapan huminga and pagkacheck natin ng respiratory rate na above normal, we can elevate the head part of the bed para makahinga ng maayos at magfunction ng mabuti ang respiratory system ng patient.

Answer 19

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanism and functions

Question 20

This explains if a patient is sometimes conscious, this is done by talking to the patient while nursing interventions are performed to maintain their auditory sense.

Answer 20

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function

Question 21

This is when most patients feel anxious before undergoing a procedure, it is necessary to understand the patient’s feelings or expressions and allow them to ask questions and give them proper instructions to decrease their anxiety.

Answer 21

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions

Question 22

Like encouraging patients to verbalize their feelings and allow them to cry when they have the need to do so, so that it will help them emotionally.

Answer 22

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To identify and accept interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness

Question 23

• This applies to assess for nonverbal cues when patients couldn’t express themselves verbally.
• For example, when patients are in pain, assess for facial grimacing.

Answer 23

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and nonverbal communication

Question 24

Interpersonal relationships are promoted when we allow the patient’s significant other to stay with them before and after a procedure.

Answer 24

Abdellah’s Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships

Question 25

- In order to achieve transformation, healing and advancement towards spiritual goals, it is important that you are connected to yourself and to your patient while considering the differences and specific values of both patient and health provider - For example, for catholic patients, health providers assist them every Sunday to attend the Holy Mass at the chapel near the hospital or inside the campus.

Answer 25

Abdellah's Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate progress toward achievement and personal spiritual goals

Question 26

- The patient will have a sense of safety and security - provide the patients a safe and assuring environment that would further promote and improve the delivery of health service - For example, hospitals should have a clean and calming environment, so that the patient will feel at ease during treatment, thus, could lead to a successful healing and recovery. - Providing proper lighting in the room, Providing the patient a proper room temperature, Create an uncluttered environment, Install carpeting to reduce injury

Answer 26

Abdellah's Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To create or maintain a therapeutic environment

Question 27

- Being aware of their special needs such as giving them enough space and privacy, thus, will provide enough skills and knowledge for that person to develop properly - For example, having different wards and pavilions in the hospital

Answer 27

Abdellah's Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs

Question 28

- Setting goals for a patient should consider the capacity of a patient when it comes to their physical, mental and emotional capability in accomplishing a certain process - For example, the patient does not want to communicate, nor participate in the treatment process, thus, the medical provider must set a goal that would make her/his attention be diverted so that the patient will be able to open up and engage to the conversation

Answer 28

Abdellah's Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional

Question 29

- Having access to community resources helps medical providers supply the needs of the patients. These are considered as assets in the community, which pertains to the people, places or structures and services in the community - For example, there are people who live far from the city, meaning, they do not have access to the hospital. Therefore, there might be a possibility where emergency health concerns cannot be attained - Another example is the long confinement of the patients, either they have a family living far from the hospital being unable to visit regularly or the patient does not have a family member that would support and motivate them

Answer 29

Abdellah's Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems that arises from illness

Question 30

- If one person’s health is countered and affected, it will also hinder the safety and security of the community as a whole - Health education and teaching families and communities must be conducted

Answer 30

Abdellah's Typology of 21 Nursing Problems: To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness

Question 31

- Anticipated changes that affect nursing - The assumptions of Abdellah's “21 nursing problems theory” relates to change and anticipated changes that affect nursing. The importance of understanding the interconnectedness of social enterprises and social problems, changing nursing education, continuing education for professional nurses, and developing nursing leaders.

Answer 31

Implications of the Nursing Theory in Nursing Practice

Question 32

Abdellah believes that as the education of nurses improves, nursing practices improves as well.

Answer 32

Implications of the Nursing Theory in Nursing Education

Question 33

Transforms the focus from being “disease-centered” to “patient-centered”. As a patient-centered approach to nursing practices, nurses support the person to express their fears and concerns to develop a trusting relationship that can promote self-caring behavior.

Answer 33

Being "disease-centered" to "patient-centered"

Question 34

Assessment phase, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning phase, Implementation, Evaluation

Answer 34

Nursing Process

Question 35

- Nursing problems provide guidelines for the collection of data. - A principle underlying the problem solving approach is that for each identified problem, pertinent data are collected. - The overt or covert nature of the problems necessitates a direct or indirect approach, respectively.

Answer 35

Assessment phase

Question 36

- The results of data collection would determine the client’s specific overt or covert problems. - These specific problems would be grouped under one or more of the broader nursing problems. - This step is consistent with the involved in nursing diagnosis.

Answer 36

Nursing Diagnosis

Question 37

The statements of nursing problems most closely resemble goal statements. Once the problem has been diagnosed, the nursing goals have been established.

Answer 37

Planning phase

Question 38

Using the goals as the framework, a plan is developed and appropriate nursing interventions are determined.

Answer 38

Implementation

Question 39

The most appropriate evaluation would be the nurse progress or lack of progress toward the achievement of the stated goals.

Answer 39

Evaluation