signal trans 4 part 1

Question 2

DAG and PIP3

Answer 2

plasma membrane second messenger

Question 3

camp cgmp

Answer 3

h20 soluble second messneger

Question 4

Ca

Answer 4

ion second messenger

Question 5

ips

Answer 5

water soluble second messneger

Question 6

arachnidoic acid

Answer 6

PM associated second messneger

Question 7

tf Ca can be made and destroyed

Answer 7

F cant

Question 8

Ca2+ ——- in the particular compartment of the cell is the signal detected by the next member in the signaling cascade.

Answer 8

Ca2+ concentration in the particular compartment of the cell is the signal detected by the next member in the signaling cascade.

Question 9

tf cell quiet

When Ca2+ concentration increases (10-6 M or greater

Answer 9

F

When cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration is low (10-7 M)

When Ca2+ concentration increases (10-6 M or greater), sensor molecules detect the rise and activate specific responses.

Question 10

Cell activation depends on a —— between calcium—- and calcium- — mechanisms.

Answer 10

Cell activation depends on a balance between calcium-OFF and calcium-ON mechanisms.

Question 11

2 ways Ca off mechanism remove Ca

Answer 11

pumping it from the cell

or back into internal stores

Question 12

Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger (NCX)

or antiporter Ca2+ -ATPase (PMCA)

Answer 12

Plasma membrane proteins that are calcium pumps

Question 13

 Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)

Answer 13

Intracellular calcium pumps

Question 14

Low affinity

High transport rate

Answer 14

Na+ / Ca2+ Exchanger (NCX)

Question 15

High affinity Low transport rate

Answer 15

Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA)

Question 16

SERCA

Answer 16

Ca in with ATP breakage

Question 20

TF CA binding proteins only exist in the SER

Answer 20

F in SER and cytoplasm(buffer action)

Question 21

Calcium-ON mechanisms add Ca2+ to the cytoplasm from ——- sources and —– stores

Answer 21

Calcium-ON mechanisms add Ca2+ to the cytoplasm from extracellular sources and internal stores

Question 22

(favored by large electrochemical gradient).

Answer 22

Calcium on mechanism that add Ca to cytoplasm

Question 23

Ligand-gated ion channel receptors

Answer 23

cation selective

let Ca into cytoplasm

Question 24

Voltage-gated channels

Answer 24

(action-potential responsive)

let Ca into cytoplasm

Question 25

universal Intracellular calcium channels

Answer 25

1,4,5-Inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R)

Question 26

skeletal and cardiac muscle Intracellular calcium channels

Answer 26

Ryanodine receptors (RyR)

Question 27

AP or

voltage gated Ca channel

Answer 27

allow Ca into cell

Question 28

Ryanodine Receptor (RyR)

and 1,4,5-Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor (IP3R)

Answer 28

both need to be triggered by Ca to release Ca from their compartments

Question 29

Various —— -binding proteins act as molecular —– for detecting increased cellular concentration of —– .

Answer 29

Various calcium-binding proteins act as molecular sensors for detecting increased cellular concentration of Ca2+ .

Question 30

Activated sensors stimulate a variety of —– proteins that regulate specific cellular functions.

Answer 30

Activated sensors stimulate a variety of downstream proteins that regulate specific cellular functions.

Question 31

loops bind Ca

Answer 31

in Calmoduline

and middle alpha helix stretches

Question 32

found in all cells where it mediates many regulatory pathways.

Answer 32

Calmodulin (CaM)

Question 33

restricted to skeletal and cardiac muscle where it regulates contraction by controlling actin-myosin interaction

Answer 33

TnC

Question 34

Two major Ca2+ sensors are

Answer 34

Two major Ca2+ sensors are tropinin C and calmodulin.

Question 36

tf Ca2+/CaM-Dependent Protein Kinase is not at all active when it doesnt have Ca 2+ CaM attached to it.

Answer 36

F

it is 80% active although inh portion of it is free and open

Question 37

Ca2+/CaM-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaM-Kinase II)

Answer 37

totally inactive when phospatase strips off PO4 from it3

Question 38

bind inh domain of Ca2+/CaM-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaM-Kinase II)

Answer 38

Ca 2+/CaM

Question 39

activation of Ca2+/CaM-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaM-Kinase II)

Answer 39

prompts autophos and Ca2+/CaM-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaM-Kinase II) is fully active

Question 40

Tf 1st Ca is release then CaM is released from Ca2+/CaM-Dependent Protein Kinase when it is fully active

Answer 40

T renders it partially active

Question 41

adenylate cyclase

Answer 41

converts ATP to cAMP

Question 42

AC occurs at

Answer 42

PM

Question 43

G-protein-coupled receptor act. by

Answer 43

Camp

Question 44

cat domain of AC

Answer 44

b/n helix 6 and 7

Question 45

TF both N and C terminal of AC exist intercellularly

Answer 45

T

Question 46

AC

Answer 46

has 12 total alpha helix( transmembrane)

Question 47

when ligand binds GPCR

Answer 47

G protein binds it

Question 48

bind of g protein to GPCR

Answer 48

triggers GTP exchange on alpha subunit and it subsequently binds AC (PM)

Question 49

Camp

Answer 49

binds reg. subunit of pka and dissociates catalytic subunit from regulatory

Question 50

catalytis subunit of pKa

Answer 50

phos CREB and alters gene expression

Question 51

gpcr1;gpcr2

Answer 51

g protein stim; g protein inh

+camp;- camp

Question 52

Cholera toxin

Answer 52

has enzymatic activity that int with NAD in cyt.

Question 53

Ox Nad when triggered by Cholera toxin will

Answer 53

transfer adp ribose on Arg on Gs subunit of G protein(cant longer use ATPase activity)

Question 54

transfer of ADP ribose to ARg on Gs

Answer 54

inc camp by promoting irreversible binding of alpha subunit to AC(cant use Gtpase activity)

Question 55

cholera

Answer 55

prolonged opening of Cl channels and inc. Pka activity