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Y2 MSK > Shoulder, Upper Limb & Hand - Conditions > Flashcards

Shoulder, Upper Limb & Hand - Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

contents of carpal tunnel

A

9 flexor tendons + flexor tendon synovial sheath, median nerve

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2
Q

what joints make up the elbow

A

humeroulnar & radio-capitellar joint

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3
Q

what is a bankart lesion

A

anterior shoulder dislocation, labrum lesion

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4
Q

movement most affected by glenohumeral instability

A

external rotation

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5
Q

is anterior or posterior shoulder dislocation more common

A

anterior

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6
Q

what sign on examination is positive in anterior shoulder dislocation

A

sulcus sign

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7
Q

what nerve is at risk in anterior shoulder dislocations and how would this present

A

axillary nerve regimental area numb

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8
Q

how to diagnose a posterior shoulder dislocation

A

light bulb sign, oblique x-ray

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9
Q

what increases the likeliness of repeat shoulder dislocation

A

under 20 yrs

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10
Q

management of shoulder dislocation

A

closed reduction, XR, slight 2-3weeks +- PT

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11
Q

what shoulder movements are hardest on a biceps tendon tear

A

flexion & pronation

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12
Q

how diagnose biceps tendon tear

A

US

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13
Q

deformity seen in a biceps tendon tear

A

popeye

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14
Q

management of a biceps tendon tear

A

conservative

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15
Q

management options of shoulder pain

A

NSAID, depo medrone CCS + lignocaine injection, PT

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16
Q

age most commonly affected by impingement syndrome

A

30-40

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17
Q

other name of impingement syndrome

A

painful arc

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18
Q

pathology of impingement syndrome

A

supraspinatus compressed in subacromial space on movement, AC OA/RC tear

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19
Q

presentation of impingement syndrome

A

pain 60-120° abduction, +ve Hawkins-Kennedy

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20
Q

what is seen on x ray in impingement syndrome

A

eye brows sign

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21
Q

Mx of impingement synd

A

NSAID/analgesia/early PT/subacromial CCS

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22
Q

last line Mx of impingement synd

A

subacromial decompression

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23
Q

age and gender affected by frozen shoulder

A

40-60 female

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24
Q

other name for frozen shoulder

A

adhesive capsulitis

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25
Q

presentation of frozen shoulder

A

progressive pain/stiff, loss of external rotation

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26
Q

what is seen on xr in frozen shoulder

A

normal

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27
Q

risk factors for frozen shoulder

A

diabetes, Dupuytren

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28
Q

management of frozen shoulder

A

PT/analgesia, intraarticular CCS, self-limiting 3-4yr

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29
Q

pathology of frozen shoulder

A

decreased joint volume

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30
Q

age most likely affected by rotator cuff tear

A

50-60 years

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31
Q

presentation of rotator cuff tear

A

painful and weak abduction, external and internal rotation. +- sudden jerk

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32
Q

tendon affected by RC tear

A

supraspinatus

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33
Q

investigations for RC tear

A

1st line US

also MRI/SR

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34
Q

management of rotator cuff tear

A

subacromial injection, repair + subacromial decompression

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35
Q

what is lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow

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36
Q

what is medial epicondylitis

A

golder’s elbow

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37
Q

what is the pathology of tennis elbow

A

degenerative micro-tear

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38
Q

presentation of tennis elbow

A

tender/pain on wrist/ finger extension

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39
Q

management of tennis elbow

A

PT, NSAID, CCS injection, elbow brace

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40
Q

what is the posterior fat pad sign and when is it seen

A

elbow effusion, severe trauma

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41
Q

injury mechanism of surgical neck of humerus fracture

A

foosh

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42
Q

complications of surgical neck of humerus fracture

A

axillary nerve/artery/ brachial plexus injury

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43
Q

management of surgical neck of humerus fracture in a young PTx

A

orif

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44
Q

management of surgical neck of humerus fracture in an old PTx

A

conservative/ORIF/TSR

45
Q

complication of humeral shaft fracture and how does it present

A

radial nerve injury presents with wrist drop

46
Q

what is a monteggia fracture

A

high energy ulnar # + radial head dislocation

47
Q

management of monteggia fracture

A

ORIF

48
Q

age affected by monteggia fractures

A

adults & child

49
Q

what is a galeazzi fracture

A

isolated distal 1/3 radius # + DRUJ dislocation

50
Q

management and investigations of galeazzi fracture

A

lateral wrist XR, ORIF

51
Q

ages affected by galeazzi fracture

A

adults & child

52
Q

what is a nightstick fracture

A

isolated ulna

53
Q

management of nightstick fractures

A

conservative

54
Q

injury mechanism of a colles fracture

A

FOOSH

55
Q

what is a colles fracture

A

extra-articular distal radial #

56
Q

risk factor for colles fracture

A

OP

57
Q

management of a stable colles fracture

A

POP

58
Q

management of displaced simple colles fracture

A

MUA

59
Q

management of displaced comminuted colles fractur e

A

MUA+K-wires/screw, ORIF

60
Q

complications of a colles fracture

A

median nerve compression, EPLT rupture, CRPS, < grip strength

61
Q

where do giant cell tumours of tendon sheath occur

A

flexor tendon palmar surface near PIP

62
Q

histology of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath

A

haemosiderin deposit

63
Q

management of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath

A

if pain excise

64
Q

what is trigger finger also called

A

flexor tendon tenosynovitis

65
Q

presentation of trigger finger

A

palmar pain/ nodule; middle/ring finger clicks in flexion

66
Q

management of trigger finger

A

resolve/splint/ CCS

67
Q

what nerve is affected by cubital tunnel synd

A

ulnar nerve

68
Q

what nerve is affected by carpal tunnel synd

A

median nerve

69
Q

presentation of carpal tunnel synd

A

thumb+2.5 paraesthesia, worse at night,

70
Q

risk factors for carpal tunnel synd

A

women, RA, pregnancy, diabetes, CKD, Colles #

71
Q

management of carpal tunnel synd

A

splint, PT, IJ CCS

72
Q

last line Mx of carpal tunnel synd

A

decompression surgery

73
Q

risk factors for dupuytren’s contracture

A

phenytoin, diabetic, male, smoke, alcoholic, FH

74
Q

pathology of dupuytren’s contracture

A

palmar fascia hyperplasia/scarring, type 3 collagen

75
Q

presentation of dupuytren’s contracture

A

ring/pinky fixed flexion, nodule /puckered

76
Q

is dupuytren’s contracture bilateral

A

50 percent of the time

77
Q

examination technique for duputren’s contracture

A

table top test

78
Q

name of dupuyten’s contracture of the penis

A

peyronie’s disease

79
Q

name of dupuytren’s contracture of the feed

A

lederhosen

80
Q

management of dupuytren’s contraction

A

fasciectomy/fasciotomy if it interferes w/ function

81
Q

what is a boxer’s fracture

A

5th MC neck fracture

82
Q

pathology of acute calcific tendonitis

A

Ca deposit in supraspinatus tendon

83
Q

acute calcific tendonitis Mx

A

subacromial CCS then self limiting

84
Q

acute calcific tendonitis presentation

A

acute onset severe shoulder pain

85
Q

what is a smiths fracture

A

distal radius extra-artiuclar displaced + angulated

86
Q

injury mechanism of a smiths fracture

A

elderly person falls on hyperflexed wrist

87
Q

management of smith’s fracture

A

all unstable; ORIF

88
Q

what is a barton fracture

A

intra-articular radial #

89
Q

barton fracture mx

A

ORIF, comminuted ex fix +- k-wire

90
Q

injury mechanism of scaphoid fracure

A

foosh

91
Q

presentation of scaphoid fracture

A

young male snuffbox pain or when pressing on thumb metacarpal

92
Q

investigations for scaphoid fracture

A

xr: wait 10 day, 4 views

93
Q

complications of scaphoid fracture

A

OA, nonunion, AVN

94
Q

management of scaphoid fracture

A

splint before xr, confirmed: POP 6-12wk, ORIF if displaced

95
Q

pathology of ganglion

A

synovial fluid outpouching, firm smooth mucous filled

96
Q

location of ganglion

A

adjacent to tendon/synovial joint

97
Q

management of ganglion

A

self limiting, pain; aspirate/excise

98
Q

pathology of dequervain’s tenosynvoitis

A

EPB & APL thumb tendon inflam

99
Q

dequervain’s tenosynovitis presentation

A

pain/swollen/red at styloid process, Finklestein’s test

100
Q

what is paronychia and who gets it

A

nail fold infection, nail biting child

101
Q

paronychia mx

A

elevate/ABx/drain/resolve

102
Q

cause of boutonniere deformity

A

ra

103
Q

what is boutonniere deformity

A

central slip extensor tendon rupture

104
Q

boutonniere deformity mx

A

tendon transfer

105
Q

presentation of cubital tunnel synd

A

pinky paraesthesiae, weak ulnar nerve muscles

106
Q

what is mallet finger

A

avulsion finger# on extensor tendon from forced extension, can’t extend DIPJ

107
Q

mallet finger mx

A

mallet splint 6wk

108
Q

management of pipj dislocation

A

buddy strap 3wk

Y2 MSK (20 decks)

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