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Y2 MSK > Lower Limb Anatomy - Hard Version > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy - Hard Version Flashcards

1
Q

what is the femoral region

A

the thigh

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2
Q

how many regions are there of the lower limb

A

6

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3
Q

name the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

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4
Q

function of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

medially rotate, abduct and extend the thigh

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5
Q

what is the innervation to the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

all superior gluteal except gluteus maximus; inferior gluteal

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6
Q

what causes trendelenberg’s gait

A

damage to superior gluteal nerve

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7
Q

name the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris

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8
Q

what is the function of the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

laterally rotate thigh, hip stabilisers

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9
Q

what is the innervation of the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

sacral plexus nerves

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10
Q

how do nerves enter/leave the pelvis

A

greater sciatic foramen

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11
Q

how do nerves enter/leave the perineum

A

lesser sciatic foramen

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12
Q

what ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foraminae

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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13
Q

where is the sacrotuberous ligament

A

between ischial tuberosity and sacrum

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14
Q

where is the sacrospinous ligament

A

between ischial spine and sacrum

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15
Q

which quarter of the gluteal region is best for injections and why

A

upper lateral quarter since least likely to hit sciatic nerve

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16
Q

which spinal nerves contribute to the sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

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17
Q

which spinal nerves contribute to the pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4

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18
Q

which spinal nerves contribute to the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

S1-S3

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19
Q

what is supplied by the sciatic nerve

A

posterior thigh, leg muscles, foot muscles, most of the skin

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20
Q

what is supplied by the pudendal nerve

A

perineum

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21
Q

what is supplied by the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh

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22
Q

what are the names of the branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial division of the sciatic nerve and common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

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23
Q

what is the other name or the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

A

common perineal division of the sciatic nerve

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24
Q

put in order of lateral to medial:

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, pudendal, sciatic

A

sciatic, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, pudendal

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25
Q

where does the sciatic nerve exit the greater sciatic foramen

A

most lateral structure exiting, inferior to piriformis

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26
Q

what is the arterial supply to the sciatic nerve

A

artery to the sciatic nerve

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27
Q

where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate

A

posterior distal thigh

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28
Q

what are the visual differences between the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve

A

tibial nerve: larger, medial

common fibular: smaller, lateral

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29
Q

what is the superior border of the femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

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30
Q

what is the medial border of the femoral triangle

A

lateral border of adductor longus

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31
Q

what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

medial border of sartorius

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32
Q

what is the floor of the femoral triangle

A

iliopsoas and pectineus

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33
Q

what is the roof of the femoral triangle

A

fascia lata

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34
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle and in what order from lateral to medial

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymphatics

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35
Q

where is the inguinal ligament

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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36
Q

what is the inguinal ligament

A

thickened inferior edge of internal oblique aponeurosis

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37
Q

what is the longest muscle in the body

A

sartorius

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38
Q

what structure separates the muscle compartments of the leg and what is it composed of

A

intermuscular septum composed of deep fascia

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39
Q

what procedure is used to treat acute compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

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40
Q

name the compartments of the thigh

A

anterior, posterior, medial compartments

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41
Q

name the compartments of the leg

A

anterior, posterior, lateral compartments

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42
Q

commonalities with muscle compartments

A

generally similar actions and same nerve supply

43
Q

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris

44
Q

what is the function of pectineus

A

flexes thigh

45
Q

what is the function of iliopsoas

A

flexes thigh

46
Q

what is the function of sartorius

A

flexes thigh

47
Q

what is the function of quadriceps femoris

A

extends leg

48
Q

what is the innervation to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve except psoas major of iliopsoas (supplied by anterior rami of L1,L2,L3)

49
Q

which spinal nerves contribute to the femoral nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

50
Q

name the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A 
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis
obturator externus
51
Q

what is the action of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adduct the thigh

52
Q

what is the motor supply the the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator nerve except hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)

53
Q

which spinal nerves contribute to the obturator nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

54
Q

name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

55
Q

what is the action of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thgigh

A

extend the thigh and flex the leg

56
Q

what is the innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve except short head of biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic)

57
Q

what spinal nerves contribute to the tibial division of the spinal nerve

A

L5, S1, S2

58
Q

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

59
Q

what is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflex ankle & extend toes

60
Q

what is the supply to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep fibular nerve

61
Q

what spinal nerves contribute to the deep fibular division of the sciatic nerve

A

L4, L5

62
Q

name the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

63
Q

what is the action of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

evert foot & weakly plantarflex ankle

64
Q

what is the supply to the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve

65
Q

what spinal nerves contribute to the superficial fibular division of the sciatic nerve

A

L5, S1, S2

66
Q

name the division of the common fibular nerve

A

superficial and deep fibular nerves

67
Q

name the muscles of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

68
Q

name the muscles of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

69
Q

what is the action of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

plantarflex ankle

70
Q

what is the supply to the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

71
Q

what is the action of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

flex toes & plantarflex ankle

72
Q

what is the supply to the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

73
Q

what part of the hip is involved in the hip joint

A

acetabulum

74
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint

A

synovial joint

75
Q

what are the possible movements of the hip joint

A

flexion-extension
abduction-adduction
medial-lateral rotation
circumduction

76
Q

what are the components of the hip joint

A

joint capsule made of outer fibrous layer and inner membranous layer

77
Q

name the ligaments that strengthen the hip joint capsule

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

78
Q

what are the iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments formed of

A

fibrous layer of joint capsule

79
Q

what is the ligamentum teres

A

ligament that carries arterial supply to head of femur

80
Q

name the arteries involved in the blood supply to the hip joint

A

medial circumflex femoral artery
lateral circumflex femoral artery
artery to head of femur

81
Q

what artery does the medial circumflex femoral artery arise from

A

deep femoral artery

82
Q

what artery does the lateral circumflex femoral artery arise from

A

deep femoral artery

83
Q

what are names of the branches of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

A

retinacular arteries

84
Q

what artery does the artery to head of femur arise from

A

branch of obturator

85
Q

what is the connection between the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

A

anastomose around head of femur

86
Q

what articulations are involved in the knee joint

A

2X femerotibial

1X femeropatellar

87
Q

what type of joint is the knee joint

A

synovial

88
Q

what are the components of the knee joint

A

external fibrous layer and inner membraneous layer (bursae extensions)

89
Q

name the ligaments of the knee joint

A 
posterior cruciate
anterior cruciate
medial menisci
lateral menisci
patellar ligament
lateral collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament
90
Q

what are the menisci made of

A

fibrocartilage

91
Q

what shape are the menisci

A

crescent shape

92
Q

which knee ligaments are intra-articular

A

anterior cruciate and posterior ligament

93
Q

does the anterior cruciate ligament go lateral to medial or medial to lateral

A

lateral to medial

94
Q

what is the supero-lateral border of the popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris

95
Q

what is the supero-medial border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus

96
Q

what is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius

97
Q

what is the roof of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal fascia

98
Q

what are the contents of the popliteal fossa

A

fat, small saphenous vein, popliteal vessels, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve

99
Q

what is the other name for the Achilles tendon

A

calcaneal tendon

100
Q

what forms the Achilles tendon

A

tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus

101
Q

where does the Achilles tendon attach

A

calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus

102
Q

how can you test the achilles tendon and what is the normal result

A

ankle jerk reflex, plantarflexion

103
Q

what nerves is the ankle jerk reflex testing

A

S1, S2 nerve roots

104
Q

where do superficial lymphatics of the lower lib drain

A

to superficial inguinal lymph nodes then external iliac lymph nodes

Y2 MSK (20 decks)

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