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Y2 MSK > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

commonest benign bone lesion

A

osteochondroma

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2
Q

where are osteochondromas found

A

long bone epiphysis

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3
Q

osteochondroma management

A

excisonal biopsy since malignant transformation risk

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4
Q

where are enchondromas found

A

metaphyseal cartilage of small bones in hand/feet

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5
Q

where are simple bone cysts found

A

long bone metaphysis

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6
Q

simple bone cyst presenation

A

asymptomatic or pathological #

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7
Q

simple bone cyst mx

A

curettage & graft

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8
Q

what fills aneurysmal bone cysts

A

blood/sebum

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9
Q

presentation of aneurysmal bone cyst

A

locally aggressive, pain, pathological #

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10
Q

aneurysmal bone cyst mx

A

curettage & graft

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11
Q

are giant cell tumours malignant

A

no

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12
Q

where are giant cell tumours normally found

A

knee or distal radius

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13
Q

giant cell tumour presentation

A

locally aggressive, pain, pathological #

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14
Q

condition associated with giant cell tumours

A

PVNS

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15
Q

investigations for giant cell tumours

A

xr (soap bubble) + biopsy

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16
Q

what is seen on biopsy in giant cell tumours

A

giant cells, mononuclear cells, haemosiderin

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17
Q

giant cell tumour mx

A

excise

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18
Q

fibrous dysplasia presentation

A

adolescent, stress fracture

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19
Q

fibrous dysplasia management

A

internal fixation, bone graft, biphosphonate for pain

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20
Q

fibrous dysplasia of hip investigations

A

shephard’s crook xr

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21
Q

age and presentation of osteoid osteoma

A

pain, adolescent

22
Q

are osteoid osteomas malignant

A

no

23
Q

osteoid osteoma mx

A

spontaneous resolve/ radiofreq ablate

24
Q

where do osteoid osteomas normally occur

A

long bone diaphysis

25
Q

which tumour metastasise to bone

A

carcinoma of breast, prostate, lung, renal, thyroid

26
Q

red flags for malignant bone lesions

A

constant pain worse at night,<25yr, >60yr

27
Q

investigations for malignant bone lesions

A

bone scan, CT for staging, biopsy, Ca, LFT, PPE, FBC, U&E

28
Q

osteosarcoma; age, location presentation

A

teenager, long bone, pain,

29
Q

ewing’s sarcoma; age, location, presentation

A

teenage, long bone, warm swelling, pain,

30
Q

osteosarcoma mx

A

chemo

31
Q

ewing’s sarcoma mx

A

radio and chemo

32
Q

mutation in osteosarcoma

A

retinoblastoma

33
Q

mutation in ewing’s sarcoma

A

t11;22

34
Q

xr finding in osteosarcoma

A

codman’s triangle

35
Q

where do sebaceous cysts occur

A

anywhere but palm/sole

36
Q

presentation of sebaceous cysts

A

no pain, cheesy rupture

37
Q

bursitis complication

A

bursal abscess

38
Q

bursitis mx

A

self-limiting / arthroscopic bursectomy

39
Q

what is myositis ossificans

A

bone growth within muscle after tumour ‘calcified haematoma’, pesudotumour

40
Q

myositis ossificans mx

A

indomethacin

41
Q

myositis ossificans dx

A

mri

42
Q

where are leiomyomas

A

smooth muscle

43
Q

what type of tumour is a fibroid

A

leiomyoma

44
Q

are leiomyomas benign

A

yes

45
Q

are lipomas painful

A

no

46
Q

are angiolipomas painful

A

yes

47
Q

where are rhabdomyoaarcomas

A

striated muscle

48
Q

where do PVSs occur

A

large synovial joints

49
Q

investigations for soft tissue tumours

A

us: solid or cystic
mri: tissue type, size, involvement, LN
biopsy

50
Q

is a liposarcoma malignant

A

yes

51
Q

chondrosarcoma location

A

axial skeleton

52
Q

malignant soft tissue tumour management

A

local excision + radiotherapy

Y2 MSK (20 decks)

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