Neoplasms Flashcards
commonest benign bone lesion
osteochondroma
where are osteochondromas found
long bone epiphysis
osteochondroma management
excisonal biopsy since malignant transformation risk
where are enchondromas found
metaphyseal cartilage of small bones in hand/feet
where are simple bone cysts found
long bone metaphysis
simple bone cyst presenation
asymptomatic or pathological #
simple bone cyst mx
curettage & graft
what fills aneurysmal bone cysts
blood/sebum
presentation of aneurysmal bone cyst
locally aggressive, pain, pathological #
aneurysmal bone cyst mx
curettage & graft
are giant cell tumours malignant
no
where are giant cell tumours normally found
knee or distal radius
giant cell tumour presentation
locally aggressive, pain, pathological #
condition associated with giant cell tumours
PVNS
investigations for giant cell tumours
xr (soap bubble) + biopsy
what is seen on biopsy in giant cell tumours
giant cells, mononuclear cells, haemosiderin
giant cell tumour mx
excise
fibrous dysplasia presentation
adolescent, stress fracture
fibrous dysplasia management
internal fixation, bone graft, biphosphonate for pain
fibrous dysplasia of hip investigations
shephard’s crook xr
age and presentation of osteoid osteoma
pain, adolescent
are osteoid osteomas malignant
no
osteoid osteoma mx
spontaneous resolve/ radiofreq ablate
where do osteoid osteomas normally occur
long bone diaphysis
which tumour metastasise to bone
carcinoma of breast, prostate, lung, renal, thyroid
red flags for malignant bone lesions
constant pain worse at night,<25yr, >60yr
investigations for malignant bone lesions
bone scan, CT for staging, biopsy, Ca, LFT, PPE, FBC, U&E
osteosarcoma; age, location presentation
teenager, long bone, pain,
ewing’s sarcoma; age, location, presentation
teenage, long bone, warm swelling, pain,
osteosarcoma mx
chemo
ewing’s sarcoma mx
radio and chemo
mutation in osteosarcoma
retinoblastoma
mutation in ewing’s sarcoma
t11;22
xr finding in osteosarcoma
codman’s triangle
where do sebaceous cysts occur
anywhere but palm/sole
presentation of sebaceous cysts
no pain, cheesy rupture
bursitis complication
bursal abscess
bursitis mx
self-limiting / arthroscopic bursectomy
what is myositis ossificans
bone growth within muscle after tumour ‘calcified haematoma’, pesudotumour
myositis ossificans mx
indomethacin
myositis ossificans dx
mri
where are leiomyomas
smooth muscle
what type of tumour is a fibroid
leiomyoma
are leiomyomas benign
yes
are lipomas painful
no
are angiolipomas painful
yes
where are rhabdomyoaarcomas
striated muscle
where do PVSs occur
large synovial joints
investigations for soft tissue tumours
us: solid or cystic
mri: tissue type, size, involvement, LN
biopsy
is a liposarcoma malignant
yes
chondrosarcoma location
axial skeleton
malignant soft tissue tumour management
local excision + radiotherapy
