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Upper Limb > Shoulder joint > Flashcards

Shoulder joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

Synovial joint

Ball and socket

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2
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the shoulder joint?

A

Head of humerus

Glennoid fossa of scapula

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3
Q

What are the articulating surfaces covered with?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

What else is the glennoid fossa covered with?

What is it called?

A

Rim of fibrocartilage

Called glennoid labrum

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the glennoid labrum?

A

To deepen the glennoid cavity
so head of humerus fits into it more
increases stability of joint

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6
Q

What does the joint capsule extend from?

A

Anatomical neck of humerus
to
Border of glennoid fossa

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7
Q

What is a feature of the joint capsule? Why?

A

Loose

to allow a greater range of movement - particularly abduction

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8
Q

What is a synovial bursa?

A

Fluid filled sac

surrounded by synovial membrane

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9
Q

What is the purpose of a synovial bursa?

A

To reduce friction between tendons and other joint structures

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10
Q

What are the bursae of the shoulder joint?

A

Subacromial bursa

Subscapular bursa

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11
Q

Where is the subacromial bursa located?

A

Inferior to acromion, deltoid

Superior to supraspinatus tendon

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12
Q

Where is the subscapular bursa located?

A

Between scapula

and subscapularis tendon

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13
Q

What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments

Coracohumeral ligaments

Transverse humeral ligaments

Coracoacromial ligament

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14
Q

What are the different glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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15
Q

Where do the glenohumeral ligaments attach?

A

Anatomical neck of humerus

Border of glennoid fossa

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16
Q

Where does the coracohumeral ligament attach?

A

Coracoid proces

Greater tubercle of humerus

17
Q

What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

A

Supports joint capsule superiorly

18
Q

Where does the transverse humeral ligament attach?

A

Lesser tubercle

Greater tubercle

19
Q

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Hold tendon of long head of biceps in intertubercular groove

20
Q

Where does the coracoacromial ligament attach?

A

Coracoid process

Acromion

21
Q

What is formed by the coracoacromial ligament?

A

The coracoacromial arch

22
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial ligament?

A

Prevent superior dislocation of humerus

23
Q

Which ligaments are thickening of the joint capsules? Which isn’t?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments, coracohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament are all thickenings of the joint capsule

Coracoacromial ligament isn’t thickening of joint capsule

24
Q

What is the blood supply of the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

25
Q

What are the movements of the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion
Extension

Abduction
Adduction

Lateral rotation
Medial rotation

26
Q

Which muscles flex the shoulder joint?

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii

Anterior deltoid

Pectoralis major

27
Q

Which muscles extend the shoulder joint?

A

Posterior deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

28
Q

Which muscles abduct the shoulder joint?

A

Supraspinatus 0-15 degrees

Lateral deltoid 15-90 degrees

Trapezius and serratus anterior rotate scapula upwards to allow over 90degrees abduction

29
Q

Which muscles adduct the shoulder joint?

A

Teres major

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

30
Q

Which muscles laterally rotate the shoulder joint?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

31
Q

Which muscles medially rotate the shoulder joint?

A

Subscapularis
Teres major

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major

32
Q

What factors contribute to stability of the shoulder joint?

A

Glennoid labrum

Ligaments - reinforce joint capsule

Rotator cuff - resting tone pulls humeral head into glennoid cavity

33
Q

What factors contribute to mobility of the shoulder joint?

A

Ball and socket joint

Humeral head is much larger than glennoid fossa

Loose joint capsule

Upper Limb (23 decks)

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