shoulder and arm

Question 1

gleno-humeral joint type

Answer 1

synovial ball and socket

Question 2

what is the gleno-humeral joint between

Answer 2

glenoid cavity of scapula and humerus head

Question 3

what does the gleno-humeral joint allow

Answer 3

great mobility

Question 4

how is the gleno-humeral joint stabilised

Answer 4

muscles, ligaments and capsular attachments around it

Question 5

what deepens the glenoid cavity

Answer 5

glenoid labrum (cartilage)

Question 6

4 extensions of capsule of shoulder joint

Answer 6

from glenoid to humeral head, subacromial bursa and around long head of biceps

Question 7

what is the subacromial bursa

Answer 7

bursa formed between humeral head and overlying acromial process due to capsule extending above humeral head

Question 8

what is the subacromial bursa the pathological site of

Answer 8

impingement of gleno-humeral joint

Question 9

what does the extension of the capsule around the long head of the biceps lie within

Answer 9

inter-tubercular groove of humerus

Question 10

what arch, bursa and tendon lie above the gleno-humeral joint

Answer 10

coraco-acromial arch, subacromial bursa, supraspinatus tendon

Question 11

what does the coraco-acromial arch consist of

Answer 11

acromion, coracoid process, coraco-acromial ligament

Question 12

function of coraco-acromial arch

Answer 12

prevents humerus rising superiorly against acromion

Question 13

significance of coraco-acromial arch area

Answer 13

commonest site of pathology of impingement of shoulder

Question 14

3 ligaments involved in gleno-humeral joint

Answer 14

gleno-humeral ligaments, coraco-humeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament

Question 15

function of gleno-humeral ligaments

Answer 15

stengthen anterior portion of shoulder capsule

Question 16

function of coraco-humeral ligament

Answer 16

stengthen capsule superiorly

Question 17

function of transverse humeral tendon

Answer 17

holds tendon of long head of biceps in inter-tubercular groove

Question 18

what is the commonest direction of arm dislocation at the gleno-humeral joint

Answer 18

inferiorly as muscles anteriorly and posteriorly, and clavicle superiorly

Question 19

7 movements of gleno-humeral joint

Answer 19

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial (internal) rotation, lateral (external) rotation, circumduction

Question 20

4 muscles involved in flexion of gleno-humeral joint

Answer 20

clavicular head of pectoralis major, anterior fibres of deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

Question 21

muscle involved in extension of gleno-humeral joint

Answer 21

latissimus dorsi

Question 22

muscle involved in first 15 degrees of abduction of gleno-humeral joint

Answer 22

supraspinatus

Question 23

muscle involved in abduction of gleno-humeral joint after 15 degrees

Answer 23

central fibres of deltoid

Question 24

2 muscles involved in adduction of gleno-humeral joint

Answer 24

pectoralis major, latissumus dorsi

Question 25

muscle involved in medial (internal) rotation of gleno-humeral joint

Answer 25

subscapularis

Question 26

2 muscles involved in lateral (external) rotation of gleno-humeral joint

Answer 26

infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 27

function of rotator cuff muscles (SITS)

Answer 27

depress humeral head to hold it in glenoid cavity (SITS in)

Question 28

3 muscles involved in resisting dislocation of gleno-humeral joint besides rotator cuff muscles

Answer 28

deltoid, coracobrachialis, short and long heads of biceps