knee, leg, ankle and foot Flashcards

arches of the foot: describe the anatomy of the arches of the foot and the bony, ligamentous and muscular factors that maintain them

1
Q

how many layers of muscles in sole of foot

A

4

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2
Q

3 muscles in first layer of muscles in sole of foot

A

abductor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

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3
Q

3 muscles in second layer of muscles in sole of foot

A

quadratus plantae (which pulls on…), tendons of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus (long toe flexors), lumbricals

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4
Q

3 muscles in third layer of muscles in sole of foot

A

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis

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5
Q

2 muscles in fourth layer of muscles in sole of foot

A

plantar interossei, dorsal interossei

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6
Q

2 muscles on dorsum of foot

A

extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis

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7
Q

3 arches in foot

A

medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch, transverse metatarsal arch (ligaments, long tendons and intrinsic muscles all involved)

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8
Q

bones in foot

A

tarsal -> metatarsals -> phalanges

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9
Q

tarsals

A

talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms 1-3

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10
Q

behind talus

A

calcaneus (heel); site of attachment for achilles tendon

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11
Q

what do sesamoid bones (ball of foot) in large toe prevent

A

crushing of tendon passing through to distal phalynx

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12
Q

what does large toe not have

A

middle phalynx

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13
Q

function of intrinsic muscles of foot

A

shock absorbers, adjusting foot to uneven surfaces (can be trained to carry out fine movements)

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14
Q

foot print if high arch

A

narrow foot print

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15
Q

foot print if low arch (flat foot)

A

broad foot print

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