knee, leg, ankle and foot Flashcards
arches of the foot: describe the anatomy of the arches of the foot and the bony, ligamentous and muscular factors that maintain them
how many layers of muscles in sole of foot
4
3 muscles in first layer of muscles in sole of foot
abductor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
3 muscles in second layer of muscles in sole of foot
quadratus plantae (which pulls on…), tendons of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus (long toe flexors), lumbricals
3 muscles in third layer of muscles in sole of foot
flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
2 muscles in fourth layer of muscles in sole of foot
plantar interossei, dorsal interossei
2 muscles on dorsum of foot
extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis
3 arches in foot
medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch, transverse metatarsal arch (ligaments, long tendons and intrinsic muscles all involved)
bones in foot
tarsal -> metatarsals -> phalanges
tarsals
talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms 1-3
behind talus
calcaneus (heel); site of attachment for achilles tendon
what do sesamoid bones (ball of foot) in large toe prevent
crushing of tendon passing through to distal phalynx
what does large toe not have
middle phalynx
function of intrinsic muscles of foot
shock absorbers, adjusting foot to uneven surfaces (can be trained to carry out fine movements)
foot print if high arch
narrow foot print
foot print if low arch (flat foot)
broad foot print