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Y2 LCRS Anatomy of Limbs > shoulder and arm > Flashcards

shoulder and arm Flashcards

pectoral girdle: describe the anatomy of the pectoral girdle, explain the movements of the pectoral girdle; identify the muscles and joints responsible for these movements and list the main attachments and nerve supply of these muscles

1
Q

3 bones of region

A

scapula, clavicle, humerus

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2
Q

sections of scapula

A

spine on posterior surface separating suprapinous and infraspinous fossa; lateral end is acromion; coracoid process protrudes forward; lateral arch bone widened into glenoid cavity and rim (socket for ball and socket joint); superior, lateral and inferior angles

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3
Q

sections of clavicle, including when it becomes calcified

A

first bone to start becoming calcified during foetal development, and one of the last to finish; S-shaped, flattened at acromial-end; sternal end has flattish sternal facet that articulates with manubrium and first costal cartilage

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4
Q

sections of humerus

A

long bone with relatively straight shaft; proximal and distal ends are widened out; smooth rounded head; radial groove; deltoid tuberosity (irregular) where proximal part of deltoid attaches; epicondyles above sections of condyles (capitulum and trochlea)

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5
Q

2 necks of humerus

A

surgical, anatomical (true)

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6
Q

what humerus neck is more commonly damaged

A

surgical

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7
Q

location of proximal attachments in general

A

closer to trunk

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8
Q

5 muscular anatomy compartments of shoulder and arm

A

anterior pectoral girdle muscles, posterior pectoral girdle muscles, intrinsic shoulder muscles, anterior compartment of [“upper”] arm, posterior compartment of [“upper”] arm

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9
Q

4 anterior pectoral girdle muscles

A

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior

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10
Q

orientation serratus anterior runs

A

posterior to anterior

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11
Q

proximal and distal attachments of pectoralis major

A

proximal attachments to medial 1/3 clavicle (clavicular head), sternum, costal cartilages (sternocostal head); distal attachment to lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (groove) in anterior part of humerus

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12
Q

nerves supplying pectoralis major

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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13
Q

functions of pectoralis major

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus (lesser actions on scapula)

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14
Q

pectoralis minor proximal attachment

A

coracoid process of scapula

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15
Q

pectoralis minor distal attachment

A

finger-like parts which attach to 2-5th ribs (close to costrochondral joints)

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16
Q

pectoralis minor function

A

pulls scapula forward and possibly down

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17
Q

subclavius attachments

A

proximal to first rib close to costochondral joint; distal to clavicle

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18
Q

subclavius function

A

stabilising clavicle

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19
Q

serratus anterior attachments

A

runs from medial border of scapula, anteriorly over surface of thoracic cage, to anterior attachments on ribs (typically 1-9)

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20
Q

serratus anterior nervous supply

A

long thoracic nerve

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21
Q

serratus anterior function

A

holds scapula to wall

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22
Q

4 posterior pectoral girdle muscles

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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23
Q

trapezius attachments

A

attachments most superiorly to nuchal line of skull, cervical and thoracic vertebrae; descending (superior fibres), middle fibres come across, ascending (inferior fibres); curls round to front (very large muscle); attach to spine, clavicle and acromion

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24
Q

trapezius function

A

stabilise and move scapula

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25
Q

nerve innervation of trapzius

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

26
Q

latissimus dorsi movements

A

extends adducts and rotates humerus e.g. pulls body up to arm during climbing

27
Q

latissimus dorsi supply

A

thoracodorsal nerve

28
Q

location and attachments of rhomboids

A

medial border of scapula; form quadrilateral parallelogram of muscle which attaches to spinous process of C7-T5 vertebrae

29
Q

rhomboid nevrous supply

A

dorsal scapular nerve

30
Q

rhomboid movement of scapula

A

retracts, rotates and fixes scapula

31
Q

levator scapulae attachements

A

C1-C4 transverse process and superior angle of scapula

32
Q

levator scapulae nervous supply

A

dorsal scapula nerve and C3,4

33
Q

levator scapulae movement of scapula

A

elevates and rotates scapula

34
Q

3 intrinsic shoulder muscles

A

deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff muscles

35
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

36
Q

deltoid nervous supply, attachments and movement

A

supplied by axillary nerve; attachments to spine of scapula, acromion and anterior to lateral clavicle (clavicular, middle and spinal/posterior part); abducts arm after 15 degrees

37
Q

rotator cuff muscles, nervous supply, attachments and movement

A

cover scapula; supraspinatus in supraspinous fossa and infraspinatus in infraspinous fossa (supplied by siprascapular nerve); teres minor is straight and supplied by axillary nerve; broad subscapularis muscle is in deep surface (anterior surface of scapula); all run towards head of humerus, cross over shoulder joint to attach; main activity is to fix head of humerus in glenoid fossa, but with supraspinatus important in initiating abduction of arm for first 15 degrees

38
Q

teres major nerve supply, attachments and function

A

innervated by lowest subscapular nerve; proximal attachment to inferior angle and distal to medial lip of interrubercular sulcus of humerus (latissimus dorsi attaches here too); adducts and medially rotates arm

39
Q

3 muscles of anterior compartment of arm

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coraco-brachialis

40
Q

nerve supplying muscles in anterior compartment of arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6,7), lying close to subscapularis tendon anterior to shoulder

41
Q

biceps brachii proximal and distal attachments

A

short head more lateral (coracoid process), and long head more medially (goes through intertubercular groove held in place by ligament); crosses over shoulder joint and attaches to rim of glenoid fossa; both merge distally and form distal attachments at elbow, forming tendon attaching to radius (radial tuberosity) and bicepital aponeurosis

42
Q

coracobrachialis proximal and distal attachments and function

A

corachoid process; spindle-shaped that broadens distally and attaches to humerus, acting across shoulder joint; adducts arm

43
Q

brachialis location, function and proximal and distal attachments

A

underneath biceps; flexion of elbow joint; attaches to middle shaft of humerus proximally; distally has broad attachment at lower parts of shaft and attaches to coronoid process of ulna

44
Q

2 muscles of posterior compartments of arm

A

triceps brachii, anconeus

45
Q

nerve supply of posterior compartment of arm

A

radial nerve (C5,6,7,8 T1); lies on humerus in radial groove

46
Q

triceps brachii proximal and distal attachments

A

proximally the lateral and medial head attach to posterior shaft of humerus, and long head attaches to infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; distally forms triceps tendon which crosses elbow and attaches to olecranon process of ulna

47
Q

anconeus proximal and distal attachments

A

small muscle attaching to humerus proximally at lateral epicondyle, then broadens out and attaches distally to posterior ulna at olecranon process

48
Q

4 joints of pectoral girdle

A

sterno-clavicular joint, acromio-clavicular joint, gleno-humeral joint (shoulder joint), scapulo-thoracic “joint”

49
Q

other joint of arm

A

elbow joint

50
Q

sterno-clavicular joint type

A

synovial joint composed of 2 portions separated by fibrocartilage articular disc

51
Q

what gives sterno-clavicular joint strength

A

very strong sterno-clavicular ligaments (injury causes subluxation and dislocation)

52
Q

what does sternal end of clavicle articulate with

A

sternum at manubrium, first costal cartilage

53
Q

how many planes does the sterno-clavicular joint allow movement of the clavicle and girdle

A

3

54
Q

acromio-clavicular joint type and where is it between

A

synovial joint, between acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula

55
Q

3 ligaments involved in connecting and stabilising acromio-clavicular joint

A

acromio-clavicular ligament, coraco-clavicular ligament, coraco-acromial ligament

56
Q

where does the coraco-clavicular ligament run

A

from coracoid process of scapula to clavicle

57
Q

2 main sections of coraco-clavicular ligament

A

conoid, trapezoid

58
Q

what can the coraco-acromial ligament often cause

A

impingement of gleno-humeral joint

59
Q

what ligament of the acromio-clavicular joint is torn in minor dislocations

A

acromio-clavicular ligament

60
Q

what 2 ligaments of the acromio-clavicular joint are torn in severe dislocations

A

acromio-clavicular ligament, coraco-clavicular ligament

61
Q

what does the scapulo-thoracic “joint” represent

A

“articulation” between scapula and chest wall

62
Q

4 movements of scapula at scapulo-thoracic “joint”

A

elevation and depression of scapula, protraction of scapula (forward and lateral against chest wall), retraction of scapula (backward and medial against chest wall), rotation of scapula

Y2 LCRS Anatomy of Limbs (25 decks)

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