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Y4 - Large animals > Sheep neurological disease > Flashcards

Sheep neurological disease Flashcards

1
Q

What do you do with approach to neurological cases?

A
  • History - age, how many affected, CS, speed of onset, time of year
  • Full clinical exam
  • Neurological exam
  • Ancillary test - CSF tap
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2
Q

What is seen when the cerebrum is effected?

A
  • Altered mental state - depressed, hyperexcitable, disoriented
  • Blindness
  • Seizures
  • Opisthotonus - recumbent + extended front legs + flexed hind
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3
Q

What are examples of cerebral diseases?

A
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Cerebrocortical necrosis
  • Pregnancy toxaemia
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4
Q

What is seen with a local cerebrum problem?

A
  • Contralateral blindness
  • Circling
  • Proprioceptive deficits

E.g GID cysts, trauma, brain abscess

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5
Q

What is seen with cerebellum problems?

A
  • Altered head carriage
  • Balance
    – Ataxia not weakness
    – wide-based stance
  • Dysmetria
    – High stepping
  • intention tremor (inc. nystagmus)
  • Congenital
    – Cerebellar hypoplasia
  • Border disease Hairy
    Shaker
    – Cerebellar hypoplasia
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6
Q

What is seen with vestibular system problems?

A
  • Head tilt to affected side key feature
  • loss of balance
  • circling
  • falling or rolling to one side
  • spontaneous nystagmus
  • Examples
    – Middle ear infection
  • Unilateral facial nerve paralysis runs close to middle ear
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7
Q

What is seen with brainstem lesions?

A
  • Cranial nerve deficits
  • Depression
  • Ipsilateral hemiparesis

E.g Listeriosis

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8
Q

What is seen in spinal cord lesions?

A
  • Paralysis
  • Skin sensation + pain sensation
    *Proprioception
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9
Q

What are common problems in young lambs (birth to 3 month old)?
Where are the lesions?

A
  • Border disease - cerebellar
  • Congenital swayback - spinal
  • Drunken lamb disease + lamb nephrosis = cerebral
  • Bacterial meningitis - cerebral
  • Trauma
  • Spinal abscesses - joint ill
  • Listeriosis - uncommon
  • Loupill ill - cerebral
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10
Q

What type of virus is louping ill?

A

Flavivirus

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11
Q

What are common problems from 3month old to adults?

A
  • CCN
  • Listeriosis
  • Trauma accidents
  • Gid cyst
  • Louping ill
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12
Q

What is CCN?

A
  • Cerebrocortical necrosis
  • Vitamin B1 deficiency
  • Caused by diet change / worming
  • CS = dull, blind, tremors, convulsions, disorientated
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13
Q

How is CCN treated?

A
  • Vitamin B1 IV - for 3 days
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14
Q

What causes listeriosis?

A
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Feeding poorly preserved silage soil
  • Typically affects 18-24month old - changing molar teeth
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15
Q

What are clinical signs of listeriosis?

A
  • Brainstem lesions - anorexia + depression, unilateral hemiparesis
  • Cranial nerves affected - trigeminal nerve paralysis + facial nerve paralysis
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16
Q

How is listeria diagnosed + treated?

A
  • Dx = CS, CSF tap + PM
  • Tx = benzylpenicilin, procaine penicillin, dexamethasone
    + remove silage
17
Q

What causes Gid?

A
  • Taenia multiceps
18
Q

What are clinical signs of Gid?

A
  • Circling
  • Unilateral blindness - opposite side to lesion
  • Head tilt
  • Skull softening
19
Q

How is Gid treated + controlled?

A
  • Tx = surgical precise, cerebral = good prognosis
    -cerebellar = poor prognosis
  • Control = worm dogs every 6 weeks with praziquantel
20
Q

What organisms cause vestibular disease?

A
  • Pasturella spp
  • Streptococcus
  • Truperella pyogenes
21
Q

What are clinical signs of vestibular disease?

A

– Los of balance
– Head tilt towards affected side
– Horizontal nystagmus
– Aural discharge
– Can get facial nerve paralysis too
* Treatment
– At least 5 days penicillin

22
Q

What are common problems in adult sheep?

A
  • Cervical sub-luxation (paresis, rams fighting)
  • Gid cyst
  • Listeriosis
  • Brain abscess
  • Louping Ill (tick areas, abnormal gait)
  • Trauma Accident
  • Metabolic disease (pregnancy)
    – Pregnancy toxaemia- (blind, dull)
    – Hypocalcaemia - (Collapsed, bloated, flaccid paralysis)
    – Hypomagnesaemia - (staggers, hyperaesthesia)
  • Wobbler Texels
  • Scrapie (rare)
23
Q

What are nervous diseases at lambing time?

A
  • Pregnancy toxaemia
  • Hypocalcaemia
  • Septicaemic listeriosis
  • Hypomagnesaemia - seen after lambing - milk drain
24
Q

What are clinical signs of scrapie?

A
  • Progressive fatal neurological disease
  • long incubation
  • 2-5yr old
  • High step ataxia
  • Trembling
  • Altered mental state
  • Weight loss
25
Q

What is done if scrapie is suspected?

A
  • Notify DEFRA / APHA
  • test animal
  • If positive = movement restrictions, genotyping, testing + culling
26
Q

What are SRM removed from sheep over 6 month old?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Spleen

Y4 - Large animals (78 decks)

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