Diseases of commercial waterfowl Flashcards
What are viral diseases of ducks?
- Duck viral hepatitis
- Duck viral enteritis
- Newcastle disease
- Avian influenza
What are bacterial diseases of ducks?
- E coli
- Riemerella anatipestifer
- Pasteurella multocida
- Erysipelas
- Salmonella spp
- Streptococcus spp
- Chlamydia
What are fungal diseases of ducks?
- Aspergillosis
What is duck viral hepatitis? (DVH)
- Picornavirus
- HIghly infectious - affect 2 days to 3 week olds
- Adult birds = immune to infection
3 different viruses
* Type 1 = Picornavirus = classical disease = widespread + virulent
* Type 2 = Astrovirus
* Type 3 = Picornavirus
How is DVH spread?
- Type 1+ 3 = resistant + viable for long period in environment
- Entry to birds via ingestion
What are clinical signs of DVH?
- Type 1 = peracute + death within 1 hour
- Dead birds in good condition
- Opisthotonus
- Mortality >90%
Type 3 = similar but mortality <30%
What are Ddx to DVH?
- Duck viral enteritis
- Bacterial septicaemia
- Mycotoxicosis
Where are DVH lesions?
- Enlarged liver, petechial ecchymotic haemorrhages
- Fatty kidneys
- Septicaemic carcasses
How is DVH Dx, Px?
- Dx = blood/ organ for virus isolation
- Prevention = vaccine, biosecurity
What is duck virus enteritis?
- Herpesvirus
- High mortality in geese
- Spread = presence of water, oral + cloacal routes, virus shed for many years
What are clinical signs of DVE?
- Ataxia
- Eye discharge , pasty eyelids
- Nasal discharge
- Diarrhoea - water w blood, vent blood stained
- Photophobia
- Normally body condition
What are DVE lesions?
- Multiple haemorrhages in tissues
- Free blood in body cavity
- Petechial haemorrhages on visceral organs
- Haemorrhage on oesophageal mucosa
How is DVE diagnosed?
- History, clinical signs + lesions
- Virus isolation
- PCR
How is DVE controlled?
- VAccines
- Biosecurity
- Avoid contact with wild birds
What is seen with avian influenza?
- Increase in mortality
- Drop in egg production
- Decreased in feed + water consumption
- Subdued
- Aspergillosis, airsacculitis, salpingitis + egg peritonitis on PM
How does Newcastle disease affect ducks?
- Major drop in egg production
- No clinical signs in younger birds
- Vaccine works well
What are CS of E.coli infection? Dx? Tx? Px?
- CS = 1-8wk old, egg peritonitis
- Dx = history, CS, PM, Lab
- Tx = antibiotics
- Px = hygiene, management + Vaccinate breeders
What are CS of Riemerella anatipestifer infection? Dx? Tx? Px?
- CS = polyserositis, exudates + fibrin covering visceral organs, Lymphoid necrosis of the white pulp of the spleen
- Dx = bacteriology by culture, isolation + identification
- Tx = antibiotics
- Px = vaccine
What are CS of salmonella infection? Dx? Tx? Px?
- little clinical signs - mortality in 0-7d/o
- Dx = CS, lesions, bacteriology
- Tx = antibiotics
- Px = vaccine, hygiene + sanitation
What are CS of chlamydia infection? Dx? Tx? Px?
- Affect all ages - conjuctivitis, anorexia, ruffled feathers
- Dx = CS, lesions, bacteriology, serology
- Tx = antibiotics
- Px = NO vaccine, Hygiene + sanitiation
What are CS of fungal infection? Dx? Tx? Px?
(Aspergillus fumigatus)
- 7 days to adult
- CS = gasping, weight loss, anorexia, death
- Stress = exacerbate susceptibilty to disease
- Dx = CS, lesions, mycology, PCR
- Tx = anti-fungals
- Px = use of fresh bedding, hygiene + sanitation
What are common causes of lameness in ducks?
- Soft tissue injury
- Foreign body
- Joint infection
- Osteoarthritis
- Fractures
- Mycoplasma tenosynovitis
- Renal / gonadal neoplasia
- Renal coccidiosis
- Heavy metal toxicity
- bumblefoot
- Avian TB
