Bovine respiratory disease: Importance + causes Flashcards
What are different causes of respiratory disease?
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Parainfluenza 3
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- Bovine viral diarrhoea
- Pasteurella
- Mannheimia
- Histophilus
- Trueperella
- Mycoplasma
- Dictyocaulus viviparous
What are design issues with the bovine lungs?
- Small lung volume for body size
- Large dead space
- No collateral ventilation of alveoli
- Alveoli easy to damage + difficult to recover
- Vasoconstriction of arteries + arterioles
- Poorly developed fibrinolytic systems
What are consequences of respiratory diseases?
- Death
- Poor growth
- Drug cost
- Delay in age at first calving
- Reduction in subsequent milk yield
What can increase risk of animal getting respiratory problem?
- Mixed age groups
- Shared airspace between age groups
- Group size
- Overstocking
- Mixing purchased cattle / multi-sourcing calves
What seasonal differences affect diseases?
- Mixed housing at winter
- UV light kills viruses - summer
- Viruses thrive under damp conditions + protected by water droplets - winter
- Viruses + bacteria decay faster in dry conditions - summer
What is shipping fever?
- Bovine herpes virus I + Mannheimia haemolytica
- Associated with stress of transport
- Spread by aerosol
What is lungworm / husk?
- Dictyocaulus viviparous
- Larvae ingestion on pasture + insufficient anthelmintic / vaccine use
- Causes coughing + dyspnoea + pyrexia if secondary infection
What are different types of cattle pneumonia?
- Aerogenous / inhaled infection
- Parasitic disease
- Interstitial pneumonia / fog fever
- Embolic pneumonia
What is the pathology of fog fever?
Tx? Px?
- Acute pneumonia = 4-10days after move to lush pasture
- Open mouthed breathing + frothing, tachypnoea, anxiety
- If moved = likely to die
- Tx = steroids
- Px = gradual intro to new pasture
What is embolic pneumonia?
- Haematogenous spread of bacteria from another place in the body
What does IBR cause?
** Reduced milk yield *
* Occulonasal discharge
* Coughing
* Pyrexia
What causes calf diphtheria? What are the CS?
- Fusobacterium necrophorum?
- Lesions in mouth / pharynx / larynx
- Pyrexia
- Difficulty eating / swallowing
- may be severe
- Pungent smell
What can cause calf diphtheria? Tx?
- Mucosal injury
- Erupting teeth
- Unhygienic feed buckets
- Tx = antibiotics
What can be subsequent to calf diphtheria?
- LAryngeal chondritis
- Inspiratory effort + noise
- Tx = antibiotics, NSAIDs, tracheostomy
What can cause profuse nosebleed?
- Vena-caval thrombo-embolism
- Ddx = Blackthorn hedge
- NO Tx = slaughter
What common procedure can cause aspiration pneumonia?
- Drenching
- Stomach tubing
What are channel island + friesian cattle predisposed to?
- Atopic rhinitis
- Enzootic nasal granuloma
What can be another differential to coughing cattle?
Bovine TB
