Mastitis - teats; their function + disease Flashcards
1
Q
What is mastitis and how does it affect a cow?
A
- Mastitis = inflammation of mammary gland
- Sub-clinical = infection present but no visible clinical signs, changes in SCC
- Clinical = visible changes in milk, udder + cow
- Grade 1 = mild changes in milk
- Grade 2A = acute changes in milk udder hot + painful
- Grade 2C = chronic changes in milk, udder hard + lumpy
- Grade 3 = changes in milk, udder + cow sick
2
Q
How do cows get mastitis?
A
- Pathogens on teat end
- Bypass the sphincter + streak canal
- Spread into udder - vacuum assisted
3
Q
What is the mammary gland defence system?
A
- Innate immune system = first line defence, activates acquired
- Acquired immune system = humoral + cellular memory
4
Q
What does the innate immunity comprise of?
A
- Resident leucocytes
- Antimicrobial substances in milk
- Teat skin - prevent colonisation of teat skin w bacteria
- Teat canal
5
Q
What are the problems with teats?
A
- Vulnerable to being trodden on
- Damage to teat skin allows bacteria to colonise = mastitis
- Lesions are painful making milking difficult or prevent calf suckling
- Sign of systemic disease - FMD, MCF, Photosensitisation
- Damage by milking machine
6
Q
What are infectious teat disorders?
A
- Warts = Bovine Papillomatosis
- Pseudo cowpox
- Bovine Herpes Mammilitis
- Black Spot
- Cow Pox
- Udder Impetigo
7
Q
What are non-infectious teat disorders?
A
- Hyperkeratosis
- Photosensitisation
- Chapped Teats
- Cut Teats
- Teat Peas
- Teat Stenosis
- Blind Teats
8
Q
What can predispose teat end hyperkeratosis?
A
- Excessive milking vacuums
- Faulty pulsations
- Liner types
- Teat shape
9
Q
How would you approach teat disorders?
A
- Age - teat warts = younger animal
- One animal / several - pseudopox = number of animals
- Painful? - pseudopox = not, bovine herpes mammilitis = v painful
- Hx = CS, can take dry scabs for E.M. , BHM serology
10
Q
What is teat warts? Tx?
A
- Bovine papilloma virus - young animals
- Flies may transmit
- Most self cure
- Removal = ligation, surgery, cryosurgery
- Severe cases = make an autogenous vaccine
11
Q
What is pseudopox? Tx?
A
- Parapox virus
- Circular / horseshoe shaped scabs
- Can recur
- Tx = thorough PMTD (post milking teat disinfection)
12
Q
What is bovine herpes mammillitis? Tx?
A
- Bovine herpes virus 2
- V painful vesicle / ulcer on whole teat
- Life long immunity
- milk affected cows last
- Tx = Acyclovir (anti-viral)
13
Q
What is cow pox transmitted by?
A
- Cats - last occured 1978
14
Q
What is black spot? Tx?
A
- damage to teat end + secondary infection with fusobacterium necrophorum
- Topical antibiotics, teat cannula
15
Q
What is udder / teat impetigo? Tx?
A
- Pustular lesions on teat + udder skin
- Usually staph aureus
- Tx = PMTD, antiseptic udder creams (post milking teat disinfection)
