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Y4 - Large animals > Mastitis - teats; their function + disease > Flashcards

Mastitis - teats; their function + disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is mastitis and how does it affect a cow?

A
  • Mastitis = inflammation of mammary gland
  • Sub-clinical = infection present but no visible clinical signs, changes in SCC
  • Clinical = visible changes in milk, udder + cow
  • Grade 1 = mild changes in milk
  • Grade 2A = acute changes in milk udder hot + painful
  • Grade 2C = chronic changes in milk, udder hard + lumpy
  • Grade 3 = changes in milk, udder + cow sick
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2
Q

How do cows get mastitis?

A
  • Pathogens on teat end
  • Bypass the sphincter + streak canal
  • Spread into udder - vacuum assisted
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3
Q

What is the mammary gland defence system?

A
  1. Innate immune system = first line defence, activates acquired
  2. Acquired immune system = humoral + cellular memory
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4
Q

What does the innate immunity comprise of?

A
  • Resident leucocytes
  • Antimicrobial substances in milk
  • Teat skin - prevent colonisation of teat skin w bacteria
  • Teat canal
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5
Q

What are the problems with teats?

A
  • Vulnerable to being trodden on
  • Damage to teat skin allows bacteria to colonise = mastitis
  • Lesions are painful making milking difficult or prevent calf suckling
  • Sign of systemic disease - FMD, MCF, Photosensitisation
  • Damage by milking machine
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6
Q

What are infectious teat disorders?

A
  • Warts = Bovine Papillomatosis
  • Pseudo cowpox
  • Bovine Herpes Mammilitis
  • Black Spot
  • Cow Pox
  • Udder Impetigo
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7
Q

What are non-infectious teat disorders?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • Photosensitisation
  • Chapped Teats
  • Cut Teats
  • Teat Peas
  • Teat Stenosis
  • Blind Teats
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8
Q

What can predispose teat end hyperkeratosis?

A
  • Excessive milking vacuums
  • Faulty pulsations
  • Liner types
  • Teat shape
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9
Q

How would you approach teat disorders?

A
  • Age - teat warts = younger animal
  • One animal / several - pseudopox = number of animals
  • Painful? - pseudopox = not, bovine herpes mammilitis = v painful
  • Hx = CS, can take dry scabs for E.M. , BHM serology
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10
Q

What is teat warts? Tx?

A
  • Bovine papilloma virus - young animals
  • Flies may transmit
  • Most self cure
  • Removal = ligation, surgery, cryosurgery
  • Severe cases = make an autogenous vaccine
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11
Q

What is pseudopox? Tx?

A
  • Parapox virus
  • Circular / horseshoe shaped scabs
  • Can recur
  • Tx = thorough PMTD (post milking teat disinfection)
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12
Q

What is bovine herpes mammillitis? Tx?

A
  • Bovine herpes virus 2
  • V painful vesicle / ulcer on whole teat
  • Life long immunity
  • milk affected cows last
  • Tx = Acyclovir (anti-viral)
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13
Q

What is cow pox transmitted by?

A
  • Cats - last occured 1978
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14
Q

What is black spot? Tx?

A
  • damage to teat end + secondary infection with fusobacterium necrophorum
  • Topical antibiotics, teat cannula
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15
Q

What is udder / teat impetigo? Tx?

A
  • Pustular lesions on teat + udder skin
  • Usually staph aureus
  • Tx = PMTD, antiseptic udder creams (post milking teat disinfection)
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16
Q

What is photosensitisation + sunburn? Tx?

A
  • Can occur as part of generalised skin photosensitisation disorder in which non pigmented skin only affected
  • underlying hepatic injury
  • Tx = supportive - remove light, NSAIDs, Sunblocks
17
Q

What causes chapped teats? Tx?

A
  • Worn teat liners
  • Poor teat skin care
  • Calf suckling
  • Tx = emollients + rest
18
Q

What is teat pea? Tx?

A
  • Pedunculated granuloma attached to wall of teat canal blocks flow of milk
  • Removal by Hudsons spiral inserted by rotating up teat canal then jerk upwards to tear granuloma off. Granuloma then milked out
  • Mosquito forceps up canal to tear off
  • Must give prophylactic antibiotics to prevent mastitis
  • Sedate , cannulate, open up the teat wall, suture
19
Q

What are teat stenosis + blind teats? Tx?

A
  • Teat stenosis due to trauma - Tx = LA, sedation, insert teat knife + rotate, rest w cannula + AB for 3-5days
  • Blind teat = heifers w no milk in teat - if milk in teat = lesion in canal + treat as above
20
Q

How would you treat cut teats?

A
  • Xylazine + lift hind legs as foot trimming, clean thoroughly
  • Superficial (skin only) = no sutures = tape / glue
  • Suture w simple interrupted otherwise
  • Prophylactic antibiotics + teat cannula
21
Q

What should be done with supernumerary teats?

A
  • Removed at time of disbudding
  • no anaesthetic under 2 months (sharp scissors)
  • older animals = LA + scissors / emasculators
  • Do not cut wrong teat

Y4 - Large animals (78 decks)

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