Found dead, Clostridial disease + Notifiable disease Flashcards
What are Ddx for sudden death in neonatal lambs? (<1 week)
- Congenital issue
- Birth Trauma (rib fractures, dystocia)
- Starvation
- Hypothermia
- Clostridial Disease
– Lamb dysentry
– Tetanus - Neonatal infections
– Meningitis
– Septicaemia
– Diarrhoea
– watery mouth - Intestinal Torsion
- Predators
What are Ddx for sudden death in older lambs?
- Infections
- Clostridial Disease
-Pulpy kidney
-Braxy
-Abomasitis
-Tetanus - Pasturellosis
-B trehalosi
-M haemolytica - Urolithiasis
- Parasitic Gastroenteritis
–Nematodirus battus
-Acute Fluke
-Haemonchosis - Rumen Acidosis
- Plant poisoning
What are Ddx for sudden death in adult sheep?
- Metabolic Disease
– Hypocalcaemia
– Hypomagnesaemia - Parasitic Disease
– Fluke
– Haemonchosis - Plant poisoning
– Rhodendron
– Yew
– Laurel
– Acorns - Infection
– Pasturellosis
– Toxaemia (mastitis metritis) - Clostridial Disease
– Struck
– Black leg
– Black’s disease
– Tetanus
What are common plant poisonings?
How are they diagnosed?
- Yew, Acorn, Laurel, Rhododendron
- Dx = PM, history + inspect fields
What causes pneumonic pasturellosis?
How is it treated?
- Mannheimia haemolytica
-normal inhabitant of nasopharynx - Tx = long acting oxytet / amoxicillin
- Can vaccinate
What causes systemic pasteurellosis?
How is it treated?
- Biebersteinia trehalosi - normal in URT
- Tx = LA oxytet (can vaccinate)
What are clostridial disease often associated with?
- Poor hygiene
- Injury / trauma / insult / wounds
- Endoparasites
- Changes in diet
What are the different clostridial diseases than can cause enterotoxaemia / affect parenchymatous organs?
- Cl. perfringens
- B =lamb enterotoxaemia - dysentery
- C = struck enterotoxaemia
- D - Pulpy kidney nephrotoxic
- Cl. novyi B - black disease hepatotoxic
- Cl. speticum - braxy
- Cl. sordelli - abomasitis
What clostridial diseases can cause myonecrosis + toxaemia?
- Cl. chauvoei - blackleg
- Cl. novyi A - big head
- Cl. septicum - malignant oedema
What clostridial disease can cause neurotropic problems?
- Cl. botulinum C = flaccid paralysis + death
- Cl. tetani = spastic paralysis, often not sudden death
What is seen with lamb dysentery?
- Bloody diarrhoea
- Severe abdominal pain
- Lambs under 3 weeks old
What is the most common clostridial disease?
Pulpy kidney
What may be seen with pulpy kidney?
- Ataxia
- Opisthotonus
What is seen with abomasitis?
- Bloat due to displaced + distended abomasum
What predisposes lambs to tetanus?
- Castration wounds
- Docking wounds
- No vaccine
What predisposes lambs to braxy?
- Frosty root crops
- Autumn / winter time
What predisposes lambs to black’s disease?
- Secondary to fluke
What are examples of clostridial vaccines?
- Covexin
- Bravoxin
- Heptavac P
What bacteria causes anthrax?
What is seen on PME?
- Bacillus anthracis
- Splenomegaly
What is seen with foot and mouth disease?
- Lameness
- Blisters on tongue
What are Ddx for FMD?
- Orf
- Bluetongue
- Trauma
- CODD
- Foot abscess
What are clinical signs of bluetongue?
- Fever
- Mouth ulcerations
- Mucus from nose + ears
- Swelling head + neck and coronary band
- Lameness
- High mortality
What can contagious agalactica cause?
- Mastitis
- Arthritis
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Abortion
*Weight loss
* Swollen joints
* Yellow + separated milk
* Shrivelled / swollen udders
* Less milk yield
* Swollen / infected eyes
* High temp
