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Y4 - Large animals > Farrowing management + the young piglet > Flashcards

Farrowing management + the young piglet Flashcards

1
Q

What are main aims during farrowing?

A
  • Increase number of live pigs weaned
  • More even litters
  • Increase average weaning weight
  • Avoid excessive loss of sow condition
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2
Q

What are the sows pre-farrowing signs?

A
  • Nesting behaviour
  • Discomfort
  • Stressful
  • ↓ appetite
  • Milk appearance
  • Piglets at least every 20 mins during farrowing
  • usually 10 mins
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3
Q

What are pre-farrowing preperations?

A
  • Correct feeding during dry period
  • Accurate records - doesn’t need to be in farrowing house longer than needed
  • Cleaning + disinfection of farrowing house
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4
Q

When cleaning + disinfecting, what need to be done?

A
  • Remove animals, dust, faeces, grease between batches
  • Clean down, pre-soak, detergent use, pressure wash, disinfect
  • DRY!!!!!
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5
Q

What can cause dystocia? How is it diagnosed?

A
  • Obstruction
  • Inertia
  • Dx = if seen straining / over 30min and no piglet
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6
Q

What type of inertia is more common? What are the causes?

A
  • Primary = uncommon - over-conditioned, lack of muscular tone, hypocalcaemia, illness
  • Secondary = common - exhaustion, dehydration, excessive heat, prolonged obstruction
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7
Q

What can cause foetal dystocia?

A
  • Coiled uterus = backup of fetuses
  • Oversized if small litter number
  • Congenital abnormalities
  • Putrefying dead foetus
  • Malpresentation
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8
Q

What are other point of farrowing problems?

A
  • Uterine twist
  • Operator induced - uterine ruptures
  • Collapsed / narrow pelvis
  • Everted bladder / vaginal prolapse
  • Oxytocin overdose
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9
Q

How much oxytocin to give sow?

A
  • max 0.5ml
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10
Q

What to do if retained foetus / membrane?

A
  • Penicillin
  • NSAIDs
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11
Q

What are alternatives to caesareans?

A
  • Euthanasia
  • Hysterectomy
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12
Q

What are post-farrowing complications?

A
  • Prolapses
  • rectal - can replace if fresh, otherwise will resolve with time
  • vaginal - often able to work through if assisting
  • uterine - ENORMOUS - difficult to replace - often EUTHANASIA
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13
Q

What are problems with milking?

A
  • Agalactia vs mastitis - (all glands vs individual glands)
  • Unavailability - behaviour / disease
  • Piglets unable to obtain milk
  • Sows not having enough energy before farrowing
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14
Q

What is MMA syndrome?

A
  • Mastitis
  • Metritis
  • Agalactia
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15
Q

What is different about sow milking?

A
  • Milk is only let down at certain periods - intermittent milk let down
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16
Q

What are other sow issues?

A
  • Not feeding enough - ad lib
  • Savaging
  • Abandonment / doubling up in arcs
  • Teat damage
  • Stress
17
Q

What is savaging?

A

Gilts pain response to dystocia - will kill piglets as it is the first thing they see and associate with pain
* Give azaperone (sedation) + NSAIDs

18
Q

What are struggles of piglets?

A
  • Long distance to travel
  • Cold - temp, draughts, flooring
  • Hunger
  • Disease pressure
19
Q

What is significant of piglets that die?

A
  • 30% of piglets that die have no milk in stomach = management issues
20
Q

What are routine procedures of piglets?

A
  • Iron injections
  • Tagging / notching / tattooing
  • Tail docking
  • Teeth reduction
  • Injections - vaccines / treatments
  • Oral treatments - coccidiostat
21
Q

What are causes of piglet scour?

A
  • Non infectious = milk scour - nutritional
  • Viral = Rotavirus, PED/TGE, PRRSV
  • Bacterial = E.coli, Clostridium perfringens
  • Parasitic = Isospora suis, Cryptosporidosis, Strongyloides
22
Q

Scour is usually triggered by another factor, what are these?

A
  • Environment - cold draughts
  • Hygiene
  • Lack of colostrum
  • Fostering
23
Q

What is milk scour?

A
  • Either very early on or from 3weeks old.
  • GIT overload to large intestines
  • Self limiting
  • Nutritional scour = creep feed gut mismatch
24
Q

What is seen with viral scour?

A
  • Hugely profuse amounts of watery scour – very early onset
  • Small intestinal villous atrophy
  • Mortality is related to dehydration
  • Secondary bacterial infection common
  • Difficult to treat directly
25
Q

How is rotavirus scouring treated?

A
  • Hydration support
  • Hygiene improvements
  • Reduced chilling
  • Immune boost
26
Q

When is E.coli scour seen?

A
  • Usually within first week
  • Gilt litters predisposed
  • More common indoors, but chilled arcs predisposed
  • Watery diarrhoea with bits
27
Q

How is E.coli scour treated?

A
  • Hydration
  • Antibiotics
  • Vaccinate breeding herd
28
Q

What clostridium causes scour in piglets + sudden death

A
  • Clostridium perfringens type C
  • produces B toxin
  • usually outdoors
  • sudden death within 24hr due to acute haemorrhagic enteritis
  • Should vaccinate
29
Q

What other clostridium affewct piglets?

A
  • Clostridium perfringens type A - produce a & B2 toxins
  • pasty scour + poor growth
  • Vaccinate
30
Q

When does cocci affect piglets?

A
  • 10-21days of age - isospora suis
  • No Tx
  • Resolves at weaning - but impact weaning weight
  • Oral toltrazuril given from 4 days of age to resolve clinical impact
31
Q

What is the most common nervous disease?

A
  • Bacterial meningitis

also common =
- Streptococcus suis
- E.coli
- Glaesserella parasuis

32
Q

What are clinical signs of meninitis? Tx? control?

A
  • CS = nystagmus, opisthotonus, pyrexia, convulsions + sudden death
  • Tx = reduce swollen brain = steroid + Ab systemically + hydration
  • Control = good hygiene + colostrum
33
Q

What are congenital tremors of piglets?

A
  • A1 – cerebellar atrophy – CSF infection
  • A2 – cerebellar atrophy and hypomyelinogenesis
    – pestivirus infection
  • A3 – Landrace inherited to male piglets
  • A4 – Saddleback recessive inherited defect
  • A5 – cerebellar atrophy and hypomyelinogenesis –
    organophosphate effect
34
Q

What can cause lameness in piglets?

A
  • Joint ill
  • Splayleg
  • Injuries from sow / environment
35
Q

What are congenital abnormalities of piglets?

A
  • Cleft palate
  • Epitheliogenesis imperfecta
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Contracted tendons
  • Monsters
36
Q
A
37
Q
A

Y4 - Large animals (78 decks)

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