Sheep and Goats Flashcards
How long does a buck have to remain with the does for a uniform kid crop? Is this method of breeding typical for meat or dairy farms?
32 days (1.5 cycles)
Meat
At what percent of adult body weight do female goats enter the breeding herd? At what age (range) do they hit puberty?
60-70%
5-15 months (>60% adult body weight)
How long is the estrous cycle of the ewe? Doe?
Ewe: 17 days
Doe: 21 days
Both the ewe and the doe are short day breeders. Estrus and gestation last longer in the _____.
Doe
- 36 hour estrus, 150 day gestation*
- Ewe= 30 hrs, 147 days*
Where is P4 produced in the ewe? Doe?
Ewe= placenta
Doe= CL
Increasing darkness causes an increase in ______ from the _____ gland which the releases ____ from the _______ leading to a release of ____ from the _______.
Increasing darkness causes an increase in MELATONIN from the PINEAL gland which the releases GnRH from the HYPOTHALAMUS leading to a release of LH from the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS.
Who is more vocal during estrus, the doe or the ewe?
Doe
Ewe requires male to detect heat
What is the time period in the estrous cycle when the CL forms?
Metestrus
What is “flushing”?
In the female: Increasing nutrient uptake 20-30% 2-3 weeks prior to breeding
In the male: 8 weeks prior to breeding (approx the length of spermatogenesis (50 days))
How long can CIDRs be left in place? What hormone do they contain?
12-14 days
Progesterone
T/F: MGA can be given using the instructions on the label to sheep and goats to synchronize estrus.
False, not labeled for sheep or goats
What is the earliest sign of pregnancy that can be seen on ultrasound? When can placentomes be seen? When can skeletal structures be seen?
Vesicle (at day 18-20)
Placentomes: Day 35
Skeletal: Day 60
What’s the best time for twin detection via ultrasound?
45-90 days
What hormone is involved in the second stage of parturition when the cervix is stretched open?
Oxytocin
A newborn lamb stands in ____ minute(s)/hour(s) and suckles in ____minute(s)/hour(s).
a. 30 minutes, 2 hours
b. 1 hour, 1.5 hours
c. 10 minutes, 1 hour
A newborn lamb stands in 30 minutes and suckles in 2 hours.
a. 30 minutes, 2 hours
What is stage 3 of parturition?
Expulsion of placenta (usually in 2-4 hours)
T/F: Most causes of abortion in sheep and goats are zoonotic.
True
Which condition, common in ewes, results when the cervix fails to completely dilate?
Ringwomb
Tx= C-section
The estrous cycle in goats is 21 days, in sheep it is:
a. 15 days
b. 17 days
c. 21 days
d. 24 days
b. 17 days
Are periparturient diseases generally more common in sheep or goats?
Sheep
Why is pregnancy toxemia more of a risk the more fetuses are being carried?
Negative energy balance
More babies requrie more energy (180% more with twins, 240% with triplets, compared to singleton)
Not enough energy -> Lipases activate -> Break down fat -> Ketosis
How is pregnancy toxemia treated?
Immediately and aggressively
Remove fetuses
IV glucose and 50% dextrose
PO propylene glycol
B vitamins (to stimulate appetite)
Transfaunation (glucose metabolism)
Why can clovers cause vaginal prolapse?
Contain lots of estrogen
What is the reservoir for Bluetongue virus?
Cattle
T/F: An ewe that develops a vaginal prolapse is likely to have it occur again and culling should be considered.
True
How many hours after parturition should the placenta be expelled?
6 hours
Which of these is NOT a potential nutritional cause of infertility?
Copper
Iodine
Magnesium
Selenium
Magnesium
What is the toxin in skunk cabbage (Veratrum californicum) and what does ingestion during pregnancy cause?
Alkaloid cyclopamine
EED if early
Cyclops if between day 12-14
Arthrogryposis
What plant causes decreased spermatogenesis in rams?
Locoweed
Are sheep or goats more senstive to estrogen-producing plant toxicity?
Sheep
What is cloudburst?
Rush of fluid at expected parturition in a non-pregnant/pseudopregnant doe.
What is given to treat pseudopregnancy?
PGF2a
Which viral infectious cause of infertility does not cause disease in the dam?
a. Bluetongue
b. Akabane virus
d. Cache valley disease
b. Akabane virus
Note: All the listed viruses cause infertility in sheep and goats
Which bacterial cause of infectious infertility DOES NOT cause disease in sheep and goats?
a. Chlamydophilia abortus
b. Coxiella burnetti
c. Brucella melitensis
d. Brucella ovis
e. Listeria monocytogenes
d. Brucella ovis
Note: These are all bacterial causes of infertility in sheep and goats, remember Campylobacter is also one
What disease causes these clinical signs in addition to infertility?
Bluetongue
What agent causes Hair Shaker Lamb disease?
Border Disease Virus (BVD)
What virus causes outbreaks of arthrogryposis?
Hint: There is a vaccine for this virus
Cache Valley Disease
Are sheep, goats, or both affected by B. melitensis?
Goats
Remember Brucella is zoonotic
What is the most significant cause of abortion in sheep in North America?
- Campylobacter*
- C. jejuni =* sporadic aborition
- C. fetus fetus =* outbreaks if abortion
- Sheep go to Camp*
What causes enzootic abortion in ewes? Does it also cause abortion in does?
Chlamydophilia abortus
Yes, more important cause of abortion in goats than sheep
Goats eat Clams
What bacterial cause of abortion in sheep and goats also causes pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, epididymitis, and polyarthritis?
Chlamydia
What pestivirus affects small ruminants?
a. Bluetongue
b. Cache Valley
c. Border disease
d. Akabane
c. Border disease
What cause of infectious infertility is associated with improperly stored silage and is treated with tetracyclines?
Listeria monocytogenes
Which of these causes of infertility is NOT zoonotic?
a. Toxoplasma gondii
b. Listeria monocytogenes
* c.* Cache Valley Virus
d. Chlamydophila abortus
* e. Campylobacter fetus fetus*
c. Cache Valley Virus
What is a localized dilation of the spermatic vein resulting in a hard swelling in the cord called? What can this cause? Is it more common in the ram or buck?
Varicocele
Infertility
Ram
What is a polled buck? What condition is passed by polled bucks?
A buck born without horns
Intersex condition (= sterile)
