Bovine: Ostetrics and Periparturient period

Question 1

When referring to ostetrical management, what does mutation mean?

a. Turning the fetus on its transverse axis into cranial or caudal position
b. Process by which fetus is restored to deliverable fashion
c. Presence of a fetal monster
d. Turning the fetus on its longitudinal axis

Answer 1

b. Process by which fetus is restored to deliverable positoin

Question 2

When referring to ostetrical management, what does version mean?

a. Turning the fetus on its transverse axis into cranial or caudal position
b. Process by which fetus is restored to deliverable fashion
c. Presence of a fetal monster
d. Turning the fetus on its longitudinal axis

Answer 2

a. Turning the fetus on its transverse axis into cranial or caudal position

Question 3

What’s this?

Answer 3

Head snare

Question 4

What are these?

Answer 4

OB handles

Question 5

What’s this?

Answer 5

Krey hook

Question 6

What’s this?

Answer 6

Cornell detorsion rod

Question 7

T/F: When using traction to pull out a fetus it is advisable to place equal traction on both forelimbs simultaneously.

Answer 7

False, can result in shoulder lock- should place traction on one then the opposite forelimb

Question 8

What lube do you use for dystocia management?

a. KY Jelly
b. OB Lube
c. Uterus Lube
d. J-Lube

Answer 8

b. OB Lube

Question 9

What can be done of the vulva fails to dilate during parturiton?

Answer 9

Perform episiotomy

Question 10

When extracting a fetus, what can you do to prevent hip lock?

Answer 10

Rotate the calf as the head emerges

Question 11

What is a common consequence of making an episiotomy incision too long?

Answer 11

Pneumovagina

Question 12

Which has less potential impact on future fertility and milk production, a fetotomy or c-section?

Answer 12

Fetotomy

Question 13

A fetus is breech and dead with the uterus contracted around it, do you perform a c-section or fetotomy?

Answer 13

C-section, not a candidate for fetotomy if uterus has contracted around the fetus

Question 14

Which of these is not required for a fetotomy?

a. Epidural
b. Assistance
c. Lubrication
d. Lateral recumbent position
e. A stomach tube

Answer 14

d. Lateral recumbent position

Usually done standing, if cow is lying down then vet has to lie down

Question 15

What’s this?

Answer 15

Fetotome

Question 16

What form of fetotomy is most common, full or partial?

Answer 16

Partial

Amputation of head, neck, or limbs

Question 17

T/F: When dividing the pelvis during a full fetotomy, it must be divided diagonally.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which 2 exbolics can be used in fetotomy aftercare?

Answer 18

Oxytocin

Lutalyse

Question 19

What are the 5 most common reasons for performing a C-section?

Answer 19

1. Fetal oversize
2. Incomplete cervical dialtion or cervical closure on a dead fetus
3. Irreducible uterine torsion
4. Fetal deformity
5. Errors of fetal presentation, postion, or posture

Question 20

How should you deliver a fetus with schistosomus reflexus, fetotomy or c-section?

Answer 20

C-section

Question 21

What structure must you watch out for when performing a ventral midline/paramedian approach to a c-section? Is this critial in dairy or beef cows?

Answer 21

Milk vein / Subcutaneous abdominal vein

Dairy cows

Question 22

Why is xylazine contraindictd for a c-section?

Answer 22

Causes smooth muscle (i.e. uterine) muscle contraction

Question 23

In addition to providing analgesia, what purpose does an epidural serve when performing a c-section?

Answer 23

Reduces straining

Question 24

Which approach for a c-section can be problematic if the calf is very small or if the pregnancy is in the right horn?

Answer 24

Standing flank

Question 25

What pattern is used to close the uterus after a c-section? What are the 3 goals of uterine closure?

Answer 25

Inverted pattern *Utecht, Cushing, Lembert* 1. Serosa to serosa apposition 2. Tight seal (no leaking) 3. Minimal suture/knot exposure

Question 26

What size suture do you use to close the uterus?

Answer 26

#1 or #2 ## Footnote *Note: NOT the same as 1.0 or 2.0*

Question 27

What is another name for the Baseball stitch?

Answer 27

Utrecht pattern

Question 28

Why is it better to leave the placenta intact when performing a c-section?

Answer 28

Separating caruncles and cotyledons causes a lot of hemorrhage

Question 29

What is the only NSAID that is labeled for use in cattle?

Answer 29

Flunixin meglumine

Question 30

Herefords and Shorthorns are predisposed to which heritable periparturient condition?

Answer 30

Vaginal prolapse

Question 31

How many grades of vaginal prolapse are there?

Answer 31

4

Question 32

What is the grade of vaginal prolapse is it if the cervix and most of the vaginal floor protrude permanently?

Answer 32

Grade 3

Question 33

What grade of vaginal prolapse is this?

Answer 33

Grade 4 ## Footnote *Note necrosis indicating that the tissues have been exposed for a prolonged period*

Question 34

What can be used to reduce edema of a vaginal prolapse?

Answer 34

Sugar and squeezing

Question 35

What can be done to prevent vaginal prolapse? Which ones allow for parturition without removal

Answer 35

Buhner technique Halstead technique (Horizontal mattress) Bootlase Jorvet prolapse kit - parturition without removal Minchex technique - parturition without removal

Question 36

What's this?

Answer 36

Buhner needle

Question 37

What technique is this? What is it's purpose?

Answer 37

Halsted To prevent vaginal prolapse

Question 38

What technique is this? What is it's purpose?

Answer 38

Minchev Technique For anchoring the dorsal vagina to prevent vaginal prolapse

Question 39

When performing a c-section which approach allows the cow to stay standing and gives moderate exposure? a. Ventral midline b. Left flank c. Left paramedian d. Right paramedian

Answer 39

b. Left flank

Question 40

T/F: A cow with a history of vaginal prolapse is more likely to develop a uterine prolapse.

Answer 40

False, no relationship between these

Question 41

What are predisposing factors for uterine prolapse (there are at least 4)?

Answer 41

Dystocia Hypocalcemia Uterine inertia Straining Using a calf-jack too aggressively *(Most common cause)*

Question 42

Uterine prolapse begins with the inversion of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 42

One uterine horn

Question 43

What is the risk of trailering a cow with a uterine prolapse?

Answer 43

Rupture of the middle uterine artery ## Footnote *Which is why you must travel to the farm*

Question 44

In what position should a recumbent cow with a uterine prolapse be kept in?

Answer 44

In sternal with caudally extended hindlimbs (Frog leg) ## Footnote *To tilt pelvis forward*

Question 45

What is given after reduction of a uterine prolapse to prevent recurrence?

Answer 45

Oxytocin

Question 46

T/F: Recurrence is likely in a cow who has had a uterine prolapse in the past.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

What differentiates the degrees of perineal lacerations?

Answer 47

Degree of tearing

Question 48

If the tissue is contaminated, how long should you wait to surgically repair a second degree perineal laceration? How long should you wait to repair a third degree laceration?

Answer 48

6-8 weeks for both

Question 49

What do you administer in cases of an OB injury resulting in vaginal bleeding?

Answer 49

Oxytocin

Question 50

How long does uterine involution usually take postpartum? a. 10-15 days b. 25-50days c. 30-60 days d. 7-14 days

Answer 50

b. 25-50 days

Question 51

What is the most promising therapy for retained fetal membranes?

Answer 51

Collagenases injected into the umbilical artery ## Footnote *Not approved in USA*