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Therio scs RUSVM > Bovine: Induced abortion and Bulls > Flashcards

Bovine: Induced abortion and Bulls Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 plants cause the most economic problems in the USA?

A

Fescue

Locoweed

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2
Q

Which plant causes Crooked Calf Syndrome? In what season does this occur?

A

Poison Hemlock

Conium maculatum

Spring

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3
Q

Which lupines cause severe limb and spinal deformities as well as cleft palate? When during gestation do the plants need to be ingested for these teratogenic effects to manifest?

A

Anagyrine (Lupinus caudatus)

Ammodendrine (Lupinus formosus)

40-70 days

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4
Q

Which plant causes arthrogryposis when ingested between 50-75 days?

A

Tabacco

Nicotiana glauca

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5
Q

What is the toxin found in Astragalus and Oxytropis spp. that causes neurologic signs, abortion and hydrops/arthrogryposis? Does this occur from acute ingestion at a particular point during gestation or due to chronic exposure?

A

Swainsonine

Chronic ingestion (4-6 weeks) Cows get “hooked”

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6
Q

What is the toxin in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and how does it cause abortion? Aside form chopping down the pine, how can exposure be prevented?

A

Isocupressic acid

Vasoconstriction at caruncles and hemorrhagic placentitis

>3 days of ingestion, caused by eating pien needles out of boredom

Prevent by offering varie of feed (corn silage)

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7
Q

Which plants contain mono and di-terpenes, saponins, oxygenated flavonol, and methyl esters that cause abortion and retained fetal membranes?

A

Broomweed or Snakeweed

Gutierrezia spp.

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8
Q

Keeping this plant short prevents ingestion of the toxin that causes ‘summer slump’ due to peripheral vasoconstriction. What plant does the fugus grow on and what is the toxin?

A

Plant: Festuca arundinacea

Toxin: Ergovaline

(Fungus: Neotyphodium coenophialum )

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9
Q

What accumulates in Johnson grass, Sudan grass, oats, wheat, and corn that causes methemoglobinemia, fetal hypoxia and death, and late-term aboriton?

A

Nitrates

Also found in fertilizers

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10
Q

T/F: Seasons for pest contol coincide with breeding seasons in most beef operations. While these pyrethroid insecticides do not cause issues with bull fertility, they can potentially cause altered reproduction if sex steroid profiles are disrupted in gestating cattle.

A

True

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11
Q

Which dropsical condition is more commonly seen in IVF pregancies? Is this a problem with the fetus or the placenta?

A

Hydroallantois

Placental dysfunction

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12
Q

Which dropsical condition prevents the fetus from swallowing or prevents intestinal transport of amniotic fluids?

A

Hydroamnios

Fetal dysfunction

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13
Q

What is the treatment for dropsical conditions?

A

Induce abortion

Slow drainage of fluid (over 24 hours)

Lots of IVF (Bilateral Jug IVCs)

Constant monitoring

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14
Q

What is the progesterone source in a cow during the first 150 days of gestation? Between 150-250 days? During the final month?

A

0-150: Corpus luteum

150-250: Placenta

Last month: Switches from placental to luteal

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15
Q

How can an abortion be induced in a cow who has been pregnant for 5-150 days? When will the cow go back into fertile estrus?

A

Single injection of PGF

8-12 days after injection (Abortion in 5-7 days, then estrus 3-5 days later)

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16
Q

Why must a combination of corticosteroids and PGF be given to induce abortion between 150-240 days?

A

Because both ovarian and placental P4 needs to be removed

25mg Dex + 25mg Lutalyse

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17
Q

What do you give to induce abortion in a cow when you are not sure of the length of gestation?

A

Combo of corticosteroids and PGF

  • 25mg Dex + 25mg Lutalyse*
  • Works from days 5-283*
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18
Q

What occurs in 80% of cows who have undergone an induced abortion after 120 days of gestation?

A

Retained fetal membranes

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19
Q

What plant causes “summer slump”?

a. Lupines
b. Fescue
c. Nitrates
d. Tabaco

A

b.Fescue

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20
Q

A cow in the final month of gestation develops severe udder edema and mild vaginal prolapse. What is indicated?

A

Induce parturition with Dex OR PFG alone

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21
Q

What are the 4 parts of a bull breeding exam that the bull must pass to be a satisfactory potential breeder? (Include any numbers)

A

Physical exam

Minimum scrotal circumference (based on age)

Minimum progressive motility of 30%

Minimum of 70% morphologically normal cells

22
Q

Inducing an abortion in a cow at 200 days in gestation requires:

a. PFG2a
b. Corticosteroids
c. Combo PGF2a and corticosteroid

A

c. Combo PGF2a and corticosteroid

23
Q

What measurement correlates closely with the daily sperm output in the bull?

a. Scotal circumference
b. Scotal surface area
c. Scrotal mass
d. Scrotal length

A

a. Scrotal circumference

24
Q

What are the accessory sex glands in the bull

a. Prostate, bulbourethral, vescicular glands, ampulla
b. Prostate
c. Prostate and ampulla
d. Prostate, bulbourethral, vescicular glands

A

a. Prostate, bulbourethral, vescicular glands, ampulla

25
Q

Which accessory sex gland(s) cannot be palpated in the bull?

A

Bulbourethral

(Part of rectal tissue)

26
Q

What type of semen morphologic abnormality usually involves the head and middle piece and occurs due to a production (spermatogenesis) problem?

A

Primary

27
Q

Which accessory sex gland feels like a wedding ring on a big finger?

A

Prostate

28
Q

Which strucutre are these? Are they normal or abnormal?

A

Seminal vesicles

Normal (Symmetrical)

29
Q

What is the most common method of semen collection? What is done in bulls refractory to this method?

A

Electro-ejaculation

Manual massage

30
Q

What type of semen motility, gross or progressive, is evaluated using dilute semen?

A

Progressive

Preferred way of evaluating motility

31
Q

T/F: When analyzing individual sperm motility, a circular or spiral pattern of movement indicates very health sperm.

A

False, healthy sperm travel in a straight line

32
Q

What stain is used for analyzing sperm morphology? What is added to the slide first, stain or semen?

A

Eosin-Nigrosin stain

Add stain first (to prevent contamination)

33
Q

You stain a semen sample with Diff-Quik and notice several WBCs. What does this indicate?

A

Vesciculitis

34
Q

What type of semen morphologic abnormality is a defect that originates in the epididymis?

A

Secondary

35
Q

Does penile papilloma usually affect older or younger bulls?

A

Younger

36
Q

Which non-infectious condition affecting juvenile bulls can occur due to homosexual riding?

A

Penile hair ring

37
Q

What is the minimal required motility for bulls?

a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70%

A

b. 30%

38
Q

Which genus, indicus or taurus, have minimal prepupal excess between the bull and cow when breeding?

A

Taurus

Taurus is Tight

39
Q

What are 3 DDx for swelling of the sheath?

A

Hematoma

Retropreputial abscess

Urethral rupture

40
Q

What does “Petercillin” contain and what is the purpose of using for a preputial laceration?

A

Tetracycline (powder) 2g

Scarlet oil 60mL

Anhydrous lanolin 500g

To reduce edema and keep tissue moisturized

41
Q

How long should a bull’s post-op sexual rest period be after resection and anastomosis of the prepuce?

a. 30-60 days
b. 60-120 days
c. 120-180 days
d. 180-240 days

A

b. 60-120 days

42
Q

When perfomring a resection and anatomosis of the prepuce, the remaining prepuce should be a minimum of ______ times the length of the free portion of penis.

a. 1 - 1.25
b. 1.25 - 1.5
c. 1.5- 2
d. 2-3

A

c. 1.5- 2

2 = conservative goal

43
Q

What is the term for a penis which has an apical ligament that is too long?

A

Rainbow or Ventral deviation

44
Q

What is the minimal required normal morphology for bull semen?

a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70%

A

d. 70%

45
Q

What is it called when the apical ligament cannot be maintained in a normal position?

A

Corkscrew or Spiral penile deviation

46
Q

T/F: Swelling from a penile hematoma is usually asymmetrical, usually pooling to one side or another.

A

False, usually symmetrical

47
Q

How long should a bull be sexually rested to recover from a penile hematoma? Do most of these bulls eventually return to service?

A

At least 60 days

50% return to service

48
Q

Why are systemic antibiotics indicated for the treatment of a penile hematoma?

A

Blood is a good medium for bacterial growth

49
Q

Why does an S-shaped penile deviation occur?

A

The apical ligament is too short

Rare

50
Q

What bacteria are most commonly associated with vesiculitis? Which antibiotic is used to treat it?

A
  • B. abortus*
  • T. pyogenes*
  • H. somnus*

Tetracyclines

51
Q

T/F: Epididymitis is most commonly unilateral.

A

True

Therio scs RUSVM (18 decks)

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