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Therio scs RUSVM > Canine: Estrus and Breeding > Flashcards

Canine: Estrus and Breeding Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these describes the canine estrrous cycle?

Seasonal

Non-seasonal

Polyestrus

Monoestrus

Induced ovulation

Spontaneous ovulation

A

Monoestrus

Non-seasonal

Spontaneous ovulation

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2
Q

What surrounds a bitch’s ovaries that must be accounted for when spaying her?

A

Adipose tissue

Don’t spay the fat

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3
Q

Puberty is defined as the ability of the hypothalamic neurons to produce sufficient ______.

A

GnRH

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4
Q

Smaller breed dogs go into puberty around

a. 2-6 months of age
b. 6-10 months of age
c. 10-14 months of age
d. 12-24 months of age

A

b. 6-10 months of age

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5
Q

Do larger breed dogs generally come into puberty earlier or later than small breed dogs?

A

Later

Great Dane - up to 18 months

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6
Q

Around what age do dogs reach maximum reproductive capability?

A

3 years

2nd, 3rd, or 4th estrus

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7
Q

Match the following lengths of time to the appropriate phase of the estrous cycle (one value is used more than once):

9 days

2 months

5 months

A

Anestrus: 5 months

Proestrus: 9 days

Estrus: 9 days

Diestrus: 2 months

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8
Q

In which stage of the cycle are bitches either pregnant or pseudopregant?

A

Diestrus

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9
Q

What stages of the cycle coincide with the follicular phase? Luteal phase?

A

Follicular phase: Proestrus + Estrus (18 days)

Luteal phase: Diestrus (2 months)

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10
Q

What is the time period from the beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next estrus? What is the average duration?

A

Interestrus period

7 months

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11
Q

What effect does a shortened (<90 days) anestrus period have?

A

Decreased fertility

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12
Q

Which 2 breeds may have a shorter interestous period?

A

Rottweilers

German Shepherds

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13
Q

How many cells thick is the vaginal stratified squamous epithelium in anestrus? End of proestrus?

A

2-4 cells

20-40 cells

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14
Q

What are the exam components used to predict if a bitch is progressing and still in her fertile period?

A

Cytology

[Hormone]

Speculum examination

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15
Q

What do you need to avoid when performing a vaginal cytology?

A

Clitoral fossa

Clitoris

Urethral orifice

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16
Q

How should you direct your swab when performing a vaginal cytology?

a. Ventro-cranially
b. Dorso-cranially
c. Ventro-caudally
d. Dorso-caudally

A

b. Dorso-cranially

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17
Q

At which stage of the cycle are cells from a vaginal cytology fully cornified?

A

Estrus

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18
Q

At which stage of the cycle do cells from a vaginal cytology change from predominantly cornified to predominantly noncornified?

A

Diestrus

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19
Q

Which hormone dominates in proestrus?

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

T/F: During proestrus sex pheromones in vaginal secretions, anal sac secretions or urine attract males.

A

True

Attract males but not receptive

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21
Q

During which phase are the cells large and angular with small to no nuclei?

A

Proestrus

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22
Q

What is the shrinkage of cells called that can be observed in a sample from a bitch in estrus?

A

Crenulation

23
Q

Which hormones peak during estrus?

24
Q

Vaginal cytology in estrus will generally show ___% cornified and ___% anuclear cells?

25
Q

At what P4 level does the LH surge occur?

26
Q

At which phase does the uterus develop remarkable tone?

27
Q

Mammary development depends on/reflects which hormone?

28
Q

Stage?

29
Q

Stage?

30
Q

Stage?

31
Q

____ peaks 24-47 hours into estrus and is caused by an ______ peak during proestrus.

A

LH

Estrogen

32
Q

What type of oocyte does a bitch ovulate and in which phase is it?

A

Primary occyte (2N)

Prophase 1

33
Q

In general, how long is a secondary occyte viable before becoming atretic if not fertilized?

A

3-4 days / 108 hours

34
Q

Monitoring which hormone is the modern standard for breeding management? How often is it sampled?

A

Progesterone (P4)

Every other day

Start 3-4 days after proestrus or when vaginal cornification is 50% superficial and 20% anucleated cells

35
Q

At which level of progesterone does ovuation begin? What is the level when it is complete?

36
Q

A bitch should be bred _____ hours after ovulation for natural breeding.

37
Q

A bitch should be bred _____ hours after ovulation for AI with chilled semen and ______ hours with frozen semen.

A

72-96

At least 96 hours

38
Q

How long do embryos remain in the oviduct? What phase are they when they enter the uterus?

A

9-10 days

Late morula or early blastocyst

39
Q

For how long are spermatozoa alive in the genital tract of the bitch with natural cover?

40
Q

T/F: Conception rates are higher and litter sizes larger with AI.

A

False, natural is more successful

41
Q

What is more definitive for breeding management, progesterone or LH assays?

42
Q

Given these values, when did the LH peak occur?

43
Q

Given these P4 values, when should this bitch be bred with frozen semen?

44
Q

How many progressively motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa should a male have for breeding? What percent should have normal morphology? What percent should have normal motility?

A

200 x 10^6

80%

80%

45
Q

Whentaking testicular measurements, what should you avoid including?

A

Epididymus

46
Q

What are the 3 fractions of ejaculate?

A

Pre-sperm

Sperm rich

Prostatic portion

47
Q

Which drugs can be given for prior to manual stimulation to assist in ejaculation?

A

Oxytocin 5IU SQ/IM 5-10min before

Prostaglandin/ PGF2a 0.1mg/kg SQ/IM 15 min before

48
Q

What’s this?

A

Mavic Canine AI Catheter

49
Q

What methods can be used for insemination with frozen semen?

A

Transcervical or surgical

To ensure semen in uterus

50
Q

T/F: Vaginal strictures are heritable.

A

False, developmental defect

51
Q

Can a bitch with vaginal stricutres breed and birth normally?

A

No

Will require AI (which may be difficult) and C-section

52
Q

What is superfecundation?

A

When 2 males breed the same female during a single estrus

53
Q

Can a bitch experience superfetation?

A

No

Where female may be bred and get pregnant and then go through another receptive period and get pregnant again (fetuses of diferent ages) - can occur in rodents

Therio scs RUSVM (18 decks)

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