Bovine: Infectious and Non-infectious fertility Flashcards
_______ is severe inflammation of all layers of the uterus occuring within ____ days post-calving.
Metritis
21
Endometritis is inflammation of the endometrium extending no deeper than the ______ ________.
Stratum spongiosum.
When does endometritis occur?
At least 21 days after calving
T/F: Pyometra in concenring in cows because of the risk of systemic spread of the infection.
False
What condition which usually occurs within 10 days after parturition is accompanied by fever, reduced milk yield, tachycardia, dehydration, and an overall sick cow?
Puerperal metritis
T/F: Intrauterine antibiotics are the most effective treatment of metritis.
False, ALWAYS give systemic antibiotics
Which antibiotics are commonly used for metritis?
Ceftiofur
Penicillin
Oxytetracycline
What is the most common cause of endometritis?
Retained fetal membranes
What is the most likely etiology of pyometra discovered after natural breeding?
Tritrichomoniasis
T/F: Treatment of endometritis should always involve an intrauterine flush
False
Which POC test can be successfully used to detect freemartinism in 80% of affected animals?
Vaginal probing
What do lab tests for freemartism look for?
Y chromosome
PCR, Karyotyping
What hormone aids in urterine involution?
a. Progesterone
b. Oxytocin
c. Testosterone
d. GnRH
b. Oxytocin
How long is normal postpartum anestrus?
3-5 weeks
What is usually the cause of post-service anestrus?
Poor nutrition
What persists for a minimum of 10 days and interferes with normal ovarian cyclicity?
Ovarian follicular cyst(s)
What substances do ovarian follicular cysts produce?
Estradiol
Inhibin A
Measurement of a cystic ovarian follicle are >___
a. 10mm
b. 15mm
c. 20mm
d. 25mm
d. 25mm
T/F: Manual rupture is the recommended treatment of ovarian follicular cysts.
False
Fetal death less than _______ is considered early embryonic death,
a, 106 days
b. 56 days
c. 126 days
b. 56 days
8 weeks
What is the intervention level of a herd affected by infectious infertility or aboriton?
>5%
T/F: Tissues submitted for diagnostics when infectious abortions are suspected should be split and fixed in formalin.
False, should eb split and submitted frozen and chilled
Which cause of infectious infertility is associated with rotting hay and improperly stored silage?
Listeria monocytogenes
Which cause of infectious infertility causes neurological clinical signs and abortion in the last trimester?
Listeria monocytogenes
Which causes more fertility problems, host adapted or non host adapted leptospirosis?
Host adapted
What is the incubation period of leptospirosis?
a. 21 days
b. 4-10 days
c. 10-14 days
d. 14-21 days
c. 10-14 days
Where does lepto localize and persist in affected animals?
Renal tubules
T/F: Lepto often causes hemolytic anemia, renal disease, abortion and photosensitization.
False, often causes no clinical signs
What agent that causes infectious infertility in cows causes undulant fever in humans?
Brucella abortus
T/F: Brucella is commonly transmitted by coitus.
False, primarily via MMs
Cows lick stuff to investigate including aborted fetuses
Moroccan leather placentitis is a common finding with which cause of infertility?
Brucella abortus
Are bulls, heifers, or both vaccinated with Bangs vaccination? What is the vaccine for? What type of vaccine is it?
Heifers
Brucella abortus
Modified live vaccine
What is used to identify animals that have been vaccinated against Brucella abortus?
Tattoo on middle lobe of right ear (R+Brucella shield + Year)
Federal identification tag
Which bacterial causes of granular vulvovaginitis are uncommon and sporadic causes of both early and late term abortion?
Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma
Which of these bacteria cause weak calves and stillbirths more often than abortion in cows?
a. Brucella spp
b. Chlamydia spp
c. Haemophilus spp
d. Salmonella spp
c. Haemophilus spp
* H. somnus*
What is Vibrio?
Campylobacter foetus veneralis
Which obligate parasite of bovine genitalia causes significant early embryonic death?
Campylobacter foetus veneralis
What is the most common clinical sign associated with C.foetus veneralis?
Delayed return to estrus
What is Clark’s media used for?
Culturing C. foetus veneralis
Who harbors Campulobacter foetus veneralis, the bull or heifer?
Bull (prepuce)
When should cows be vaccinated for C. foetus veneralis? Bulls?
Before breeding season- 2 injections 2-4 weeks appart so last one is 2 weeks before breeding, then give annual booster
Bulls not vaccinated
What is the primary reservoir for Tritrichomonas foetus?
Bulls
What is Diamond’s Media or InPouch used for?
Transporting suspected Tritrichomonas foetus samples for lab analysis/culture
Testing for T. foetus should be done 2 weeks after ___________ and then once a week for ___ consecutive weeks.
Sexual rest
3 (three)
How long is the breeding season for a cow?
60 days
T/F: TrichGuard does not prevent disease but shortens the recovery interval.
True
What infectious cause of infertility is caused by ingestion of canine feces?
Neospora caninum
Waht is the most frequently diagnsed cause of viral abortion in North America?
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
(BHV-1)
What disease causes infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis?
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
(BHV-1)
What are the 2 forms of bovine herpes virus 1?
Latent/Respiratory
Venereal
T/F: The vaccination against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis can cause abortion.
True
What can be seen on IHC and microscopic examinaion of a sample infected with IBR?
Intranuclear inclusion bodies
Which agent is most likely responsible for a clinically sick cow that aborts
a. Lepto
b. Vibrio
c. Listeria
d. Brucella
c. Listeria
Which biotype of BVDV causes persistently infected (PI) calves?
Non-cytopathic
What does the calf disease manifestation of BVDV depend on?
Time of gestational exposure
Which orbivirus trasnmitted by Cullicoides commonly causes teratogenesis, such as cerebral malformations?
Bluetongue Virus
What is the most common fungal cause of abortions in cattle?
Aspergillus fumigatus
When is transmission of Aspergillus fumigatus propagated?
Winter/spring during increased confinement (Northern hemisphere)
You notice ringworm-like lesions on the skin of an aborted fetus. What is the most likely cause?
Aspergillus fumigatus
Which agent is most likely responsible for a late return to estrus?
a. Lepto
b. Vibrio
c. Listeria
d. Brucella
b. Vibrio
