Bovine: Infectious and Non-infectious fertility

Question 1

_______ is severe inflammation of all layers of the uterus occuring within ____ days post-calving.

Answer 1

Metritis

21

Question 2

Endometritis is inflammation of the endometrium extending no deeper than the ______ ________.

Answer 2

Stratum spongiosum.

Question 3

When does endometritis occur?

Answer 3

At least 21 days after calving

Question 4

T/F: Pyometra in concenring in cows because of the risk of systemic spread of the infection.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

What condition which usually occurs within 10 days after parturition is accompanied by fever, reduced milk yield, tachycardia, dehydration, and an overall sick cow?

Answer 5

Puerperal metritis

Question 6

T/F: Intrauterine antibiotics are the most effective treatment of metritis.

Answer 6

False, ALWAYS give systemic antibiotics

Question 7

Which antibiotics are commonly used for metritis?

Answer 7

Ceftiofur

Penicillin

Oxytetracycline

Question 8

What is the most common cause of endometritis?

Answer 8

Retained fetal membranes

Question 9

What is the most likely etiology of pyometra discovered after natural breeding?

Answer 9

Tritrichomoniasis

Question 10

T/F: Treatment of endometritis should always involve an intrauterine flush

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Which POC test can be successfully used to detect freemartinism in 80% of affected animals?

Answer 11

Vaginal probing

Question 12

What do lab tests for freemartism look for?

Answer 12

Y chromosome

PCR, Karyotyping

Question 13

What hormone aids in urterine involution?

a. Progesterone
b. Oxytocin
c. Testosterone
d. GnRH

Answer 13

b. Oxytocin

Question 14

How long is normal postpartum anestrus?

Answer 14

3-5 weeks

Question 15

What is usually the cause of post-service anestrus?

Answer 15

Poor nutrition

Question 16

What persists for a minimum of 10 days and interferes with normal ovarian cyclicity?

Answer 16

Ovarian follicular cyst(s)

Question 17

What substances do ovarian follicular cysts produce?

Answer 17

Estradiol

Inhibin A

Question 18

Measurement of a cystic ovarian follicle are >___

a. 10mm
b. 15mm
c. 20mm
d. 25mm

Answer 18

d. 25mm

Question 19

T/F: Manual rupture is the recommended treatment of ovarian follicular cysts.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Fetal death less than _______ is considered early embryonic death,

a, 106 days

b. 56 days
c. 126 days

Answer 20

b. 56 days

8 weeks

Question 21

What is the intervention level of a herd affected by infectious infertility or aboriton?

Answer 21

>5%

Question 22

T/F: Tissues submitted for diagnostics when infectious abortions are suspected should be split and fixed in formalin.

Answer 22

False, should eb split and submitted frozen and chilled

Question 23

Which cause of infectious infertility is associated with rotting hay and improperly stored silage?

Answer 23

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 24

Which cause of infectious infertility causes neurological clinical signs and abortion in the last trimester?

Answer 24

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 25

Which causes more fertility problems, host adapted or non host adapted leptospirosis?

Answer 25

Host adapted

Question 26

What is the incubation period of leptospirosis? a. 21 days b. 4-10 days c. 10-14 days d. 14-21 days

Answer 26

c. 10-14 days

Question 27

Where does lepto localize and persist in affected animals?

Answer 27

Renal tubules

Question 28

T/F: Lepto often causes hemolytic anemia, renal disease, abortion and photosensitization.

Answer 28

False, often causes no clinical signs

Question 29

What agent that causes infectious infertility in cows causes undulant fever in humans?

Answer 29

*Brucella abortus*

Question 30

T/F: Brucella is commonly transmitted by coitus.

Answer 30

False, primarily via MMs ## Footnote *Cows lick stuff to investigate including aborted fetuses*

Question 31

Moroccan leather placentitis is a common finding with which cause of infertility?

Answer 31

*Brucella abortus*

Question 32

Are bulls, heifers, or both vaccinated with Bangs vaccination? What is the vaccine for? What type of vaccine is it?

Answer 32

Heifers *Brucella abortus* Modified live vaccine

Question 33

What is used to identify animals that have been vaccinated against *Brucella abortus?*

Answer 33

Tattoo on middle lobe of right ear *(R+Brucella shield + Year)* Federal identification tag

Question 34

Which bacterial causes of granular vulvovaginitis are uncommon and sporadic causes of both early and late term abortion?

Answer 34

Mycoplasma Ureaplasma

Question 35

Which of these bacteria cause weak calves and stillbirths more often than abortion in cows? a. Brucella spp b. Chlamydia spp c. Haemophilus spp d. Salmonella spp

Answer 35

c. Haemophilus spp * H. somnus*

Question 36

What is Vibrio?

Answer 36

*Campylobacter foetus veneralis*

Question 37

Which obligate parasite of bovine genitalia causes significant early embryonic death?

Answer 37

*Campylobacter foetus veneralis*

Question 38

What is the most common clinical sign associated with *C.foetus veneralis*?

Answer 38

Delayed return to estrus

Question 39

What is Clark's media used for?

Answer 39

Culturing *C. foetus veneralis*

Question 40

Who harbors *Campulobacter foetus veneralis*, the bull or heifer?

Answer 40

Bull (prepuce)

Question 41

When should cows be vaccinated for *C. foetus veneralis*? Bulls?

Answer 41

Before breeding season- 2 injections 2-4 weeks appart so last one is 2 weeks before breeding, then give annual booster Bulls not vaccinated

Question 42

What is the primary reservoir for *Tritrichomonas foetus*?

Answer 42

Bulls

Question 43

What is Diamond's Media or InPouch used for?

Answer 43

Transporting suspected *Tritrichomonas foetus* samples for lab analysis/culture

Question 44

Testing for *T. foetus* should be done 2 weeks after ___________ and then once a week for ___ consecutive weeks.

Answer 44

Sexual rest 3 (three)

Question 45

How long is the breeding season for a cow?

Answer 45

60 days

Question 46

T/F: TrichGuard does not prevent disease but shortens the recovery interval.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What infectious cause of infertility is caused by ingestion of canine feces?

Answer 47

*Neospora caninum*

Question 48

Waht is the most frequently diagnsed cause of viral abortion in North America?

Answer 48

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) (BHV-1)

Question 49

What disease causes infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis?

Answer 49

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) (BHV-1)

Question 50

What are the 2 forms of bovine herpes virus 1?

Answer 50

Latent/Respiratory Venereal

Question 51

T/F: The vaccination against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis can cause abortion.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

What can be seen on IHC and microscopic examinaion of a sample infected with IBR?

Answer 52

Intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 53

Which agent is most likely responsible for a clinically sick cow that aborts a. Lepto b. Vibrio c. Listeria d. Brucella

Answer 53

c. Listeria

Question 54

Which biotype of BVDV causes persistently infected (PI) calves?

Answer 54

Non-cytopathic

Question 55

What does the calf disease manifestation of BVDV depend on?

Answer 55

Time of gestational exposure

Question 56

Which orbivirus trasnmitted by *Cullicoides* commonly causes teratogenesis, such as cerebral malformations?

Answer 56

Bluetongue Virus

Question 57

What is the most common fungal cause of abortions in cattle?

Answer 57

*Aspergillus fumigatus*

Question 58

When is transmission of ​Aspergillus fumigatus propagated?

Answer 58

Winter/spring during increased confinement (Northern hemisphere)

Question 59

You notice ringworm-like lesions on the skin of an aborted fetus. What is the most likely cause?

Answer 59

*​Aspergillus fumigatus*

Question 60

Which agent is most likely responsible for a late return to estrus? a. Lepto b. Vibrio c. Listeria d. Brucella

Answer 60

b. Vibrio