Fun Quiz Part 2 Flashcards
The incisors of foals come in at ____ days/weeks/months, ____ days/weeks/months, and ____ days/weeks/months.
6 days
6 weeks
6 months
What is the dental formula for a horse (deciduous and permanent)?
D: i3/3, c0/0, p3/3, m0/0 (x2)
P: I3/3, C1/1, P3/3, M3/3 (x2)
What is the dental formula for a cow? (deciduous and permanent)
D: i0/3, c0/1, p3/3, m0/0 (x2)
P: I0/3, C0/1, P3/3, M3/3 (x2)
What is the dental formula for a sheep? (deciduous and permanent)
D: i0/3, c0/1, p3/3, m0/0 (x2)
P: I0/3, C0/1, P3/3, M3/3 (x2)
Note same as cow and goat
The permanent incisors of horses come in at ____ weeks/months/years, ____ weeks/months/years, and ____ weeks/months/years.
- 5 years
- 5 years
- 5 years
The molars of horses come in at ____ weeks/months/years, ____ weeks/months/years, and ____ weeks/months/years.
1 year
2 years
3 years
How deep is each incisor cup in a 4.5 year old horse?
6mm
What tooth number is the equine wolf tooth? Are they more common on the maxilla or mandible?
PM 1
Maxilla
What’s this?
Trephine
PPP? Normal or abnormal for parturition?
Presentation: Posterior/caudal longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture; Complete extension of hind limbs
NORMAL posterior presentation
PPP? Normal or abnormal for parturition?
Presentation: Anterior/cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture; Left carpal flexion
ABNORMAL presentation
PPP? Normal or abnormal for parturition?
Presentation: Anterior/cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture; Bilateral carpal flexion
ABNORMAL presentation
PPP? Normal or abnormal presentation for parturition?
Presentation: Anterior /cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture; Complete extension of head and forelimbs
NORMAL anterior presentation
PPP? Normal or abnormal for parturition?
Presentation: Anteiror/cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture: Right shoulder flexion
ABNORMAL presentation
PPP? Normal or abnormal for parturition?
Presentation: Anteiror/cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture: :Left shoulder flexion
ABNORMAL presentation
PPP? Normal or abnormal for parturiton?
Presentation: Anterior/cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture: Bilateral hip flexion
ABNORMAL presentation
“Dog Sitting position”
PPP? Normal or abnormal for parturition?
Presentation: Anterior/cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture:Left lateral deviation of the head (head retained), forelimbs extended
ABNORMAL presentation
PPP? Normal or abnormal position for parturition?
Presentation: Anteiror/cranial longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture: Complete down/ventral deviation of the head
ABNORMAL presentation
“Head-Breast Posture” aka “Nape Presentation”
PPP?
Presentation: Posterior/caudal longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture: Bilateral hock flexion
PPP?
Presentation: Posterior/caudal longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-sacral
Posture: Bilateral hip flexion
“Breech Presentation”
PPP?
Presentation: Posterior/caudal longitudinal
Postion: Dorso-pubic / ventral
Posture: Extended hind limbs
Presentation?
Transverse dorsal
A calf nudging its mother’s udder causing the release of oxytocin and thus milk-letdown is an example of what kind of reflex?
Neuroendocrine reflex
What is the neural control center for reproduction hormones?
Hypothalmic nuclei
Hypothalamus-Pitutary
What is the main repro hormone released by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin
What hormone signals the surge and tonic centers to release hormone?
GnRH
What are the 3 main gonadotropins? Where are they released from?
FSH, LH, Prolactin
Anterior pituitary
Which hormone feeds back positively from the follicle to the anterior pituitary and the surge center? What hormone is released when the anterior pituitary is stimulated?
Estrogen (E2)
FSH
Which hormone feeds back negatively from the follicle to the anterior pituitary? Which hormone does it prevent the release of?
Inhibin
FSH
What biochemical form of repro hormone does not need to bind to a plasma membrane receptor? What receptor does this type of hormone bind to?
Steroids
Nuclear receptors
What is the typical pattern of secretion of GnRH? Steroid hormones?
GnRH: Episodic
Steroids: Sustained
How long is the estrus cycle of a cow?
21 days
What is the dominant hormone during the Follicular Phase?
Estrogen (E2)
What is the dominant hormone in the Luteal Phase?
Progesterone (P4)
What does a mature corpus luteum secrete? What stage of the estrous cycle is characterized by sustained high level secretion of this substance?
P4
Diestrus
Which hormone is low when there is a lot of light, i.e. during long photoperiods?
Melatonin
What hormone signals the surge and tonic centers to release hormone?
GnRH
Which of the following hormones does not peak during estrus?
E2
P4
LH
FSH
P4
Describe the hormone dynamics during the follucular phases of recruitment, selection, and dominance.
Recruitment: High FSH, Low LH (No inhibin)
Selection: Low FSH, Moderate LH, Low Inhibin
Dominance: Low FSH, High LH, High Inhibin
What are the 3 main gonadotropins? Where are they released from?
FSH, LH, Prolactin
Anterior pituitary
When LH binds to its receptor on a Theca interna cell, what is broken down into what?
Cholesterol into Testosterone
When FSH binds to its receptor on a granulosa cell what is converted into what?
Testosterone into Estradiol/E2/Estrogen
Positive feedback from what hormone causes GnRH release from the surge center?
Estrogen
What is the AM-PM rule and to which animal does it apply?
Cows ovulate approx 12 hours after estrus/heat so a cow that goes into heat in the morning (AM) should be bred that evening (PM), a cow that goes into heat in the evening (PM) should be bred the following morning (AM).
What 3 hormones are produced by the CL? Which one is dominant?
P4 - dominant
Oxytocin
Relaxin
Which hormone decreases myometrial tone in the cow but increases tone in the mare?
Progesterone
What is the source of PGF2a in domestic animals?
Uterine endometrium
What does oxytocin release stimulate when luteolysis is induced?
Pulse of PGF (Prostaglandin) release
This stimulates +ve feedback i.e. more oxytocin release
Which hormone feeds back positively from the follicle to the anterior pituitary and the surge center? What hormone is released when the anterior pituitary is stimulated?
Estrogen (E2)
FSH
Describe the hormone dynamics during the follucular phases of recruitment, selection, and dominance.
Recruitment: High FSH, Low LH (No inhibin)
Selection: Low FSH, Moderate LH, Low Inhibin
Dominance: Low FSH, High LH, High Inhibin
What biochemical form of repro hormone does not need to bind to a plasma membrane receptor? What receptor does this type of hormone bind to?
Steroids
Nuclear receptors
The release of which hormone from what part of the body induces ovulation?
LH
Anterior pituitary
Positive feedback from what hormone causes GnRH release from the surge center?
Estrogen