Sheep and goat diseases Flashcards
H.O.T. Complex:
• Caused by 3 GI parasites: o Haemonchus o Ostertagia o Trichostrongyle • Most common in young animals 4 to 12 weeks of age. • Can occur at any age.
Clinical Signs of HOT Complex:
o Diarrhea: Trichostrongyle, &Ostertagia
o Severe Anemia: Haemonchus
o Edema: GI protein loss via diarrhea.
FAMACHA Anemia Guide:
o A series of cards developed to help producers spot anemia.
o Tells producer when to treat the animal.
o Detects Haemonchus but not Trichostrongyles & Ostertagia.
Diagnosis of HOT Complex
o Fecal float
o PCV and TP
o FAMACHA score
Treatment & Prevention of HOT Complex:
Treatment: o Deworming o Supportive care: fluids, vitamins, ect. Prevention: o Deworming at kidding/lambing time. o Worm again at 3 week intervals all spring and summer if not on clean pastures. o Rotate pastures. o Put new kids/lambs on clean pastures.
Polioencephalomylacia in Sheep and Goats (Polio):
Polioencephalomylacia in Sheep and Goats (Polio):
o Caused by a deficiency in the B vitamin, Thiamine (B1)
o Thiamine is produced by rumen microflora.
Things than decrease B1:
o Thiaminase ingestion: Braken Fern.
o Disruption of rumen microflora: feed changes, prolonged diarrhea, acidosis.
o Coccidiostats: Deccox and anprolium.
Clinical Signs of Polioencephalomylacia:
o Often young animals are affected. o Neurologic signs: o Blindness o Ataxia o Seizures o Nystagmus o Head pressing o Opisthotonus o Diarrhea o Death if untreated in 1 to 2 days.
Treatment of Polio
o Thiamine injections
o Supportive care
o Recovery is usually dramatic
Prevention of Polio
o Give thiamine supplements if using Deccox or anprolium.
o Treat diarrhea and rumen acidosis quickly.
o Avoid abrupt changes in feed.
Pregnancy Toxemia or Ketosis:
- More common in sheep than goats.
- Occurs in the last 4 to 6 weeks prior to kidding or lambing.
- Occurs the in the first 2 to 4 weeks after kidding or lambing.
Predisposing Factor to Ketosis:
- Overweight ewe or doe: Fat takes up space in the abdomen, limiting feed intake.
- Multiple fetuses: huge nutritional drain on doe/ewe & lack of space for rumen.
- Overfed doe/ewe during the last 2 months of gestation (same as over wt).
- Undernutrition: Starvation or parasitism.
- Feeding alfalfa – link to hypocalcemia.
Clinical Signs of Ketosis:
• Inappetence progressing to anorexia. • Weight loss • Lethargy, unwilling to walk or move. • Neurologic signs: o Tremor around head and ears o Reduced vision or blindness o Head pressing o Coma o Recumbency • Death
Treatment of Ketosis:
- Propylene glycol orally as a drench.
- IV glucose
- Vitamin B complex to stimulate appetite.
- IV calcium if hypocalcemic.
- Cesearean section to remove fetuses.
- Treatment is often not successful.
Prevention of Ketosis:
- Avoid over feeding ewes and does.
- Avoid feeding alfalfa during the last 2 months of gestation.
- Deworm regularly.
- Prevent stress and possible starvation during the last 2 months of pregnancy.
