Eye Diseases 1 Flashcards
Diseases of the Eye
Conjunctivitis Entropion Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca “Cherry Eye” Glaucoma
Conjunctivitis
“Red Eye”
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids
Conjunctivitis Etiology
◦ Infection Viral-2 Bacterial- 1 Fungal -3 ◦ Environmental irritation ◦ Foreign body ◦ Allergy
Conjunctivitis Clinical Signs:
◦ Red conjunctiva
◦ Chemosis: swelling of conjunctiva
◦ Pain
◦ Discharge
Diagnosis of Conjunctivitis
History
Clinical signs
Cytology, Culture
Treatment of Conjunctivitis
Eliminate primary cause Topical medications: antibiotics antivirals anti inflammatories
Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1):
◦ Common viral infection of cats.
◦ >80% cats infected as kittens.
◦ Causes upper respiratory and ocular signs.
FHV-1 Etiology:
◦ Kittens infected by aerosolized virus contacting eyes and upper respiratory tract mucosa.
◦ Can cause respiratory signs and conjunctivitis.
◦ Clinical signs last 10 to 14 days.
◦ >80% of cats have latent infections that can recrudesce causing eye & respiratory signs later in life.
FHV-1 Clinical Signs:
◦ Chemosis
◦ Epiphora
◦ Discharge
◦ Sneezing
FHV-1 Treatment:
◦ Antiviral eye drops.
◦ L-Lysine supplements.
◦ Nonsteroidal anti inflamatory eye drops.
HV-1 Diagnosis:
◦ Clinical Signs
◦ PCR from conjunctival or corneal swabs.
Entropion
◦ Inversion of the eyelid margins
◦ Most often diagnosed in animals less than 1 yr. old
Entropion Etiology:
◦ Inversion of all or part of the eye lid margin.
◦ Friction of haired skin on the cornea causes irritation.
◦ Chronic irritation can cause scar tissue or corneal ulcers.
◦ Can be seen in young puppies.
Breeds predisposed to Entropion:
◦ Shar pei
◦ Brachiocephalic breeds.
◦ Giant breeds
Entropion Clinical Signs:
◦ Chronic tearing or “epiphora”
◦ Mucoid or purulent discharge.
◦ Corneal ulcer.
◦ Hyperpigmentation of cornea.
Diagnosis of entropion
Clinical signs
Fluorescein stain
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)
“dry eye”
Lack of normal tear production
KCS Etiology:
Unknown (i.e. idiopathic) Drug induced: sulfonamide antibiotics Autoimmune disease Distemper virus infection FHV-1 in cats
KCS Clinical Signs
Dry corneas Conjunctivitis Mucopurulent ocular discharge Corneal ulcers Rubbing eyes Squinting
KCS Diagnosis
- Clinical signs
* Schirmer Tear Test
KCS Treatment
Topical Eye Medications: ◦ Artificial Tears ◦ Cyclosporin: Stimulates tear production ◦ Anti inflammatories ◦ Antibiotics if infection is present.
Cherry Eye
◦ Disease characterized by inflammation of the gland at the base of the third eyelid w/ external prolapse
◦ Most common in young dogs
Etiology of Cherry Eye
Hereditary: gland not held in place by attachment to surrounding tissue
Clinical Signs of Cherry Eye
large red mass prolapsed over the 3rd eyelid, mucopurulent ocular discharge
