Canine Disease 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Canine Distemper Etiology:

A

◦ Lipid enveloped virus unstable in the environment.
◦ Transmitted through aerosol droplets secreted by infected animals.
◦ Can be shed for several months.

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2
Q

Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention of distemper

A

Diagnosis- History, Clinical signs
Treatment- Supportive- IV fluids, antibiotics, anticonvulsants
Prevention - Vaccination, Isolation of affected individuals

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3
Q

Canine Hepatitis

A

 Canine adenovirus type 1: CAV-1
 Spread through body fluids: aerosolized nasal material, urine
 Primary mode of transmission is direct contact with infected dogs, contaminated kennels, runs cages dishes, hands etc
 A recovered patient can shed virus for up to 9 months in urine.

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4
Q

Symptoms of CAV-1 Infection

A

 Sore throat, coughing, pneumonia: virus affects tonsils and larynx first
 Kidney +/or Liver can be affected leading to failure: seizures, increased thirst, V +/or D
 Cornea may appear cloudy or bluish due to edema w/in the corneal cells : ‘Hepatitis Blue Eye”
 Death can be sudden, as soon as 24 hrs after initial signs
 Worse in patients less than 1 yr

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5
Q

Treatments and Prevention

A

 None
 Offer supportive care: IV fluids, isolation, antibiotics
 Vaccinate for prevention: CAV-1 or CAV-2; either vaccine will provide protection against the other

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6
Q

Leptospirosis

A

 Transmission between animals through contact with infected urine
 Bite wounds +/- ingestion of infected tissues
 Contact with stagnant or slow moving water
 Over crowding: contact with contaminated bedding, water sources and food
 Freezing greatly reduces the survival of the organism
 Bacterial

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7
Q

Leptospira infection

A

 Bacteria penetrates mucous membrane or abraded skin, multiply quickly and enter the blood stream, spreading to the kidney, liver, spleen, CNS, eyes and genital tract.
 As the body flights the infection, the organism clears from most organs but can persist in the kidney and liver.
 Serovars: canicola, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorragiae, Pomona

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8
Q

Leptospirosis Diagnosis and Treatment

A

 A positive diagnosis can be made through blood testing: paired titers, agglutination test. A negative test can be seen the 1st 10 days post infection.
 Previous vaccine can give a higher titer reading
 Culture urine for bacterial organism

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9
Q

Treatment of Lepto

A

 IV fluids, antibiotics, control vomiting, trt any organ failure
 Antibiotic= Penicillin initially, Doxicycline to prevent any long term carrier status

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10
Q

Leptospirosis Symptoms

A

 Fever of 103-104
 Shivering and muscle tenderness
 Vomiting, dehydration, depression
 Kidney +/- liver failure
 Majority of cases are subclinical not resulting in organ failure
 Chronic cases will shed virus in urine for months or years

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11
Q

Leptospirosis Prevention

A

 Vaccinate every 6mo in high risk areas
 Begin vaccination after 12 weeks of age to prevent vaccine reactions
 Keep animals away from high risk soggy areas
 Wear gloves when handling infected or suspect bodily fluids
 Zoonotic

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12
Q

Parvovirus Infection

A

 Common, highly contagious viral disease

 Destroys cells lining the intestinal tract

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13
Q

Parvovirus Infection Etiology:

A

 Virus persistis in environment for < 6 months.
 Killed by sodium hypochlorite
 Transmitted through ingestion of the virus shed in feces

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14
Q

Parvovirus Clinical Signs:

A
◦	Anorexia
◦	Depression
◦	Vomiting
◦	Diarrhea: watery and streaked with blood.
◦	CBC: low WBC (<2,000/microliter)
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15
Q

Diagnosis of Parvovirus:

A

◦ Clinical Signs
◦ Vaccine status
◦ Positive Canine Parvovirus Test.

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16
Q

Parvovirus Treatment:

A
◦	Supportive Care:
	IV fluids
	Antibiotics for secondary infections
	Antiemetics
	Possible blood transfusions
17
Q

Canine Enteric Coronavirus

A

◦ Usually mild infections and only puppies younger that 6 weeks of age
◦ UC Davies does not vaccinate for this as they cannot reproduce the infection experimentally.
◦ Causes diarrhea and vomiting
◦ Seen sometimes

18
Q

Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A

◦ “Kennel cough”

◦ Mild, self-limiting disease of the upper respiratory tract

19
Q

Infectious Tracheobronchitis Etiology:

A

 Caused by a combination of viral and bacterial infections:
Canine parainfluenza virus (CPI)
Canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2)
[Bordetella bronchiseptica plays secondary role]

20
Q

Kennel Cough Clinical Signs:

A

 Harsh cough.
 Mild fever.
 Cough can be elicited on tracheal palpation.

21
Q

Kennel Cough Treatment:

A

 TLC
 Cough Suppression
 Antibiotics

22
Q

Core Canine Vaccines

A

 Canine parvovirus
 Canine distemper virus
 Canine adenovirus
 Rabies

23
Q

Canine Vaccines

A

A vaccine that includes diseases that have a significant morbidity and are widely distributed. The vaccine results in relatively good protection from the disease.

24
Q

Canine Distemper

A

 Most prevalent viral disease of dogs world wide.
 Highly contagious, highly fatal
 Affects lymphoid tissue in all parts of the body.
 Affects the CNS

25
Q

Canine Distemper Clinical Findings

A

 Affects mostly dogs 3-6 months old
 High morbidity, high mortality
 Incubation period 14-18 days

26
Q

GI signs of Distemper

A

◦ Fever
◦ Anorexia
◦ Vomiting
◦ Diarrhea

27
Q

Respiratory and Dermatologic signs of Distemper

A
	Respiratory:
◦	Serous ocular and nasal discharge
◦	Coughing
	Dermatologic: 
◦	“Hard Pad”: hyperkeratotic foot pads.
◦	Hyperketatosis of nasal skin.
28
Q

Neurologic signs of Distemper

A

◦ Twitching
◦ “Chewing Gum” convulsions.
◦ Seizures
◦ Ataxia