Canine Disease 1 Flashcards
Canine Distemper Etiology:
◦ Lipid enveloped virus unstable in the environment.
◦ Transmitted through aerosol droplets secreted by infected animals.
◦ Can be shed for several months.
Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention of distemper
Diagnosis- History, Clinical signs
Treatment- Supportive- IV fluids, antibiotics, anticonvulsants
Prevention - Vaccination, Isolation of affected individuals
Canine Hepatitis
Canine adenovirus type 1: CAV-1
Spread through body fluids: aerosolized nasal material, urine
Primary mode of transmission is direct contact with infected dogs, contaminated kennels, runs cages dishes, hands etc
A recovered patient can shed virus for up to 9 months in urine.
Symptoms of CAV-1 Infection
Sore throat, coughing, pneumonia: virus affects tonsils and larynx first
Kidney +/or Liver can be affected leading to failure: seizures, increased thirst, V +/or D
Cornea may appear cloudy or bluish due to edema w/in the corneal cells : ‘Hepatitis Blue Eye”
Death can be sudden, as soon as 24 hrs after initial signs
Worse in patients less than 1 yr
Treatments and Prevention
None
Offer supportive care: IV fluids, isolation, antibiotics
Vaccinate for prevention: CAV-1 or CAV-2; either vaccine will provide protection against the other
Leptospirosis
Transmission between animals through contact with infected urine
Bite wounds +/- ingestion of infected tissues
Contact with stagnant or slow moving water
Over crowding: contact with contaminated bedding, water sources and food
Freezing greatly reduces the survival of the organism
Bacterial
Leptospira infection
Bacteria penetrates mucous membrane or abraded skin, multiply quickly and enter the blood stream, spreading to the kidney, liver, spleen, CNS, eyes and genital tract.
As the body flights the infection, the organism clears from most organs but can persist in the kidney and liver.
Serovars: canicola, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorragiae, Pomona
Leptospirosis Diagnosis and Treatment
A positive diagnosis can be made through blood testing: paired titers, agglutination test. A negative test can be seen the 1st 10 days post infection.
Previous vaccine can give a higher titer reading
Culture urine for bacterial organism
Treatment of Lepto
IV fluids, antibiotics, control vomiting, trt any organ failure
Antibiotic= Penicillin initially, Doxicycline to prevent any long term carrier status
Leptospirosis Symptoms
Fever of 103-104
Shivering and muscle tenderness
Vomiting, dehydration, depression
Kidney +/- liver failure
Majority of cases are subclinical not resulting in organ failure
Chronic cases will shed virus in urine for months or years
Leptospirosis Prevention
Vaccinate every 6mo in high risk areas
Begin vaccination after 12 weeks of age to prevent vaccine reactions
Keep animals away from high risk soggy areas
Wear gloves when handling infected or suspect bodily fluids
Zoonotic
Parvovirus Infection
Common, highly contagious viral disease
Destroys cells lining the intestinal tract
Parvovirus Infection Etiology:
Virus persistis in environment for < 6 months.
Killed by sodium hypochlorite
Transmitted through ingestion of the virus shed in feces
Parvovirus Clinical Signs:
◦ Anorexia ◦ Depression ◦ Vomiting ◦ Diarrhea: watery and streaked with blood. ◦ CBC: low WBC (<2,000/microliter)
Diagnosis of Parvovirus:
◦ Clinical Signs
◦ Vaccine status
◦ Positive Canine Parvovirus Test.