Bovine Diseases 1 Flashcards
Cattle Core Vaccines
- IBR
- BVD
- PI3
- BRSV
- LEPTO
- VIBRIO
- Optional: Pinkeye, Blackleg 7 way, Anthrax – clostrium diseases
Bovine Respiratory Diseases:
- Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome (BRDS)
- Also called Bovine Respiratory Syndrome Virus (BRSV)
- “Shipping Fever”
- Complex of viral and bacterial infection and stress
- Young cattle mostly infected: dairy calves less than 6 mo, beef calves during the first 45 days at the feedlot
Bovine Respiratory Diseases involved:
o Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
o BVD
o Parainfluenza Virus (PI-3)
o Bovine Respiratory Corona Virus (RCV)
Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome (BRDS)
- Called “Shipping Fever” in feedlot calves.
- Complex of viral and bacterial infection and stress.
- Young cattle most likely affected:
- Beef calves during the first 45 days at the feedlot.
- Dairy calves less than 6 months of age.
- The viral infection comes first, then a secondary bacterial infection.
Viruses involved with BRDS
- Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
- Parainfuenza Virus (PI-3)
- Bovine Respiratory Corona Virus (RCV)
Clinical Signs of BRDS
o Depression o Standing with lowered heads. o Fever: 104 F to 107 F. o Mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge. o Dyspnea. o Cough. o Morbidity and mortality may be high.
Treatment of BRDS
o Early diagnosis and treatment is key to survival.
o Isolate infected animals
o Broad spectrum antibiotics for secondary infections.
Prevention of BRDS:
o Metaphylaxis: Injecting cattle with a broad spectrum, long acting antibiotic on arrival to the feedlot.
o Pre-conditioning of cattle:
o Dehorning and castrating cattle prior to weaning (stress).
o Vaccination against respiratory disease prior to shipping to feedlot (stress).
Metaphylaxis
Injecting cattle with a broad spectrum, long acting antibiotic on arrival to the feedlot.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea- BVD
- Chronic diarrhea
- Suppression of the immune system when paired with respiratory disease. Secondary bacterial infections can occur.
- Mucosal disease: erosions on the tongue, esophagus and associated structures
- Can be fatal
- Can cause uterine infections, abortion birth defects
- Can result in persistant infections (PI) in calves
BVD Affects all ages of cattle causing
Fever Depression Anorexia Oral and GI ulcers Diarrhea, sometimes with blood and mucus.
2 Types of BVD:
Non-cytopathic strain.
Cytopathic strain
Cytopathic strain causes:
Chronic diarrhea. Mucosal Disease (MD): • Diarrhea • Weight loss • Crusty eyes and muzzle. • Blunting of oral papilla. • Chronic coronary band lesions on feet.
Chronic Diarrhea in Adult Cattle
- Gastrointestinal Parasites
- Johne’s disease: caused by a bacterium called Mycoplasma paratuberculosis.
- Chronic BVD
- Chronic salmonellosis
- Bovine Lymphoma Virus (BLV)
- Chronic renal disease.
- Chronic liver disease.
Leptospirosis and Vibriosis
- Both are ‘Core’ or recommended vaccines
- Vibriosis is an infectious bacterial disease that causes infertility, breeding difficulty and abortion in about 5-30% of affected herds.
- Spread by the bull to cows and heifers.
- Somewhat self limiting as most cattle will recover on their own in about 1 year, but carriers are common.
- Diagnosed from a culture of cervical mucous or aborted fetus
- Campylobacter fetus
BVD and Respiratory Disease:
o BVD cause suppression of the immune system.
o Secondary bacterial infections occur because the immune system is impaired.
BVD causes:
o Uterine infection
o Abortion
o Birth defects
Additional Vaccines that are optional
- Pinkeye
* Blackleg: Clostridial organisms
Rumen Acidosis
- Excessive quantities of highly fermentable carbohydrates, such as grain, cause the bacteria in the rumen to make lactic acid.
- The excess lactic acid decreases the pH of the rumen (can be as low as 5).
- The low pH degrades the lining of the rumen.
- Lactic acid leaks out into the blood stream causing metabolic acidosis.
Clinical Signs of Rumen Acidosis
- Severe toxemia causes weakness.
- Diarrhea.
- Dehydration.
- Fluid filled static rumen, distended rumen with sloshing and tinkling sounds.
- Incoordination or ataxia.
- Recumbency.
- Death.
Treatment of Rumen Acidosis:
• Decrease the production of acid in the rumen by using antibiotics.
• Neutralize metabolic acidosis with IV fluids containing bicarbonate.
• Rehydration with IV fluids.
• Mild cases:
o Feed hay
o Give Magnesium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate orally or by tube into the rumen.
Hardware Disease or Traumatic Reticuloperitonitus (TRP):
- Perforation of the reticulum and rumen by an ingested foreign object.
- The object causes an abscess in the abdomen or pericardium.
- Vagal indigestion
- Wire penetrating the reticulum.
- Pericarditis in a cow with TRP.
Vagal indigestion
the Vagus nerve controls the movements of the digestive tract and heart rate. If the nerve is inflamed, the movement of the digestive tract slows down as well as the heart rate (>65 bpm).
Clinical Signs of Hardware Disease
• Decreased milk production. • Anorexia. • Hunching up the back. • Grunting. o “Grunt Test”: cow will grunt if pressure is applied over the xiphoid. • Increased heart rate >90 bpm. • Reluctance to move or get up. • Rumen contractions decrease. • Decreased fecal output. • Ketosis