GI diseases 1

Question 1

Acute Gastritis

Answer 1

 Most common cause of vomiting in dogs

 Characterized by mild inflammation of stomach wall with shallow erosion of gastric mucosa

Question 2

Acute Gastritis Etiology

Answer 2

	Ingestion of spoiled food.
	Ingestion of indigestable material.
	Ingestion of caustic materials.
	Ingestion of irritating drugs.
	Over eating

Question 3

Acute Gastritis Clinical Signs:

Answer 3

 Vomiting
 Abdominal Pain
 Depression

Question 4

Acute Gastritis Diagnosis:

Answer 4

 History
 Clinical Signs
 Response to treatment

Question 5

Acute Gastritis Treatment

Answer 5

 Withhold food for 24 hours.
 Analgesics
 Antiemetics

Question 6

Acute Pancreatitis

Answer 6

 Painful condition caused by inflammation of the pancreas

 Results from acinar cell injury

Question 7

Acute Pancreatitis Etiology

Answer 7

 Etiology Unknown

Question 8

Factors that may play a role in acute pancreatitis

Answer 8

	Nutrition
	Drugs
	Surgical procedures
	Pancreatic duct obstruction
	Duodenal/biliary reflux

Question 9

Typical patient of acute pancreatitis

Answer 9

 Overweight to obese
 Middle Aged
 Female
 Recent fatty meal

Question 10

Breeds Predisposed of acute pancreatitis

Answer 10

 Schnauzer
 Poodle
 Cocker Spaniel
 Siamese cats

Question 11

Acute Pancreatitis Clinical Signs:

Answer 11

◦	Vomiting
◦	Anorexia
◦	Abdominal Pain
◦	Fever
◦	Dehydration
◦	Hemorrhagic Diarrhea
◦	Cats have vague, nonspecific signs.

Question 12

Acute Pancreatitis Diagnosis

Answer 12

◦	History
◦	Clinical signs
◦	Laboratory tests: 
	Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity (PLI) Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity (TLI) Lipase/Amylase
	CBC

Question 13

Acute Pancreatitis Treatment:

Answer 13

 Withhold food for 48-72 hours Provide supportive treatment: IV fluids, antiemetics, analgesics
 antibiotics
 Resume feeding 24-48 hrs. after vomiting stops

Question 14

Gastric Dilation & Volvulus

Answer 14

 Commonly called “GDV”
 Painful condition in which the stomach dialates or fills with gas, then twists on itself.
 Both the inlet and outlet of the stomach are obstructed.

Question 15

GDV Etiology:

Answer 15

Dilatation
	Swallowing of air
	Ingestion of food and water
Volvulus
	Paraprandial exercise
	Deep-chested dogs w/ pendulous abdomen

Question 16

GDV Clinical Findings:

Answer 16

◦	Restlessness
◦	Non productive retching
◦	Hyper salivation
◦	Abdominal Pain
◦	Abdominal distention with tympany
◦	Dyspnea
◦	Pale mucus membranes
◦	Weak pulse

Question 17

GDV Diagnosis

Answer 17

◦ History
◦ Clinical Signs
◦ Radiographs: “Double Bubble” on Right
 Lateral view of abdomen.

Question 18

GDV Treatment

Answer 18

 Decompression
Orogastric tube
Percutaneous needle
 Warm water gastric lavage
 Treat for shock: IV fluids, glucocorticoids, antibiotics
 Surgery: Gastropexy to right abdominal wall
 Gastropexy: “Belt Loop” made.
 Loop passed through incision in abdominal wall.
 Flap sutured to stomach wall.

Question 19

GDV Prevention

Answer 19

◦ Feed 2-3 small meals a day
◦ Avoid paraprandial exercise
◦ Avoid ingestion of large volumes of water after exercise
◦ Avoid abrupt dietary changes

Question 20

Salmon Poisoning

Answer 20

 Highly fatal rickettsial disease transmitted by the Salmon Fluke.
 Common in the Western Cascade slopes from Washington to California.
◦ Fluke Egg
◦ Adult Fluke

Question 21

Etiology of Salmon Poisoning

Answer 21

◦ Dog ingests larval form of the fluke in the raw flesh of Salmon or Trout.
◦ Fluke infects dog with the rickettsial organism, Neorickettsiahelminthoeca.
◦ Neorickettsiahelmithoeca causes the disease.

Question 22

Life Cycle of Salmon Poisoning

Answer 22

◦ Adult Fluke inhabits intestine of the dog.
◦ Eggs pass in feces and enter water source.
◦ Eggs hatch into the first larval form.
◦ A snail, Oxytremasilicula, ingests the first larval form.
◦ The second larval form is released from the snail and infects the fish.
◦ Dog eats fish

Question 23

Clinical Findings of Salmon Poisoning

Answer 23

◦ Fever
◦ Enlarged Lymph Nodes (lymphadenopathy)
◦ Diarrhea: Usually yellow colored, mucoid.
◦ Vomiting

Question 24

Diagnosis of Salmon Poisoning

Answer 24

◦ Clinical Signs
◦ Fecal Smear: Fluke eggs are evident on fecal smears.
◦ Exposure to Salmon, Trout or rivers and streams containing these fish.

Question 25

Treatment of Salmon Poisoning

Answer 25

◦ Tetracycline or Doxycycline ◦ Supportive Care:  IV Fluids  Antiemetics

Question 26

Prevention of Salmon Poisoning

Answer 26

◦ Prophylacitic Tetracycline or Doxycycline if dog ingests raw Salmon or Trout. ◦ Infected dogs should be treated with Praziquantel to kill the adult Flukes.