Ears and Eye

Question 1

Glaucoma

Answer 1

Abnormally high internal ocular pressure resulting from excessive fluid accumulation

Question 2

Glaucoma Clinical Signs:

Answer 2

	Abnormal pupils: sluggish, dialated, fixed
	Red eye: episcleral injection
	Eye pain: rubbing eye, squinting
	Enlarged eye (bupthalmos)
	Blindness
	Lens luxation

Question 3

Glaucoma Etiology:

Answer 3

 Abnormal drainage angle
 Lens luxation
 Uveitis– inflammation of intraocular structures

Question 4

Glaucoma Diagnosis

Answer 4

 Clinical Signs

 Measure intraocular pressures:

Question 5

Measure intraocular pressures

Answer 5

	Schiotz Tonometer
	Tonopen
	Normals are:
	Dog: < 25 – 30 mm Hg
	Cat: < 30 mm Hg

Question 6

Glaucoma Treatment:

Answer 6

 Emergency Drugs
 Topical Drugs for maintenance:
 Need to find the underlying cause.
 Surgery

Question 7

Emergency Drugs of Glaucoma

Answer 7

 Often oral and IV medications.
 Reduce production of intraocular fluid
 Constrict pupil to increase outflow
 Pain control

Question 8

Topical Drugs for Glaucoma maintenance

Answer 8

 Timolol opthalmic drops
 Dorzalomide drops
 Pilocarpine

Question 9

Surgery for Glaucoma

Answer 9

 Specialist can sometimes correct surgically.
 Enucleation:
 If we can’t control the pressures, the eye must be removed due to pain.

Question 10

Diseases of the Ear

Answer 10

 Otitis Externa

 Aural Hematoma

Question 11

Otitis Externa

Answer 11

• Common disease of dogs (cats) characterized by inflammation of the external ear canal

Question 12

Primary causes of Otitis Externa Etiology:

Answer 12

o	Allergies
o	Poor ear conformation:
o	Heavy ear flaps
o	Hair in ear canals
o	Foreign bodies
o	Parasites

Question 13

Otitis Externa Clinical Signs:

Answer 13

◦	Head shaking
◦	Scratching at ears
◦	Red external ear
◦	Ear discharge
◦	Bad odor to ears

Question 14

External Otitis Diagnosis

Answer 14

◦	Clinical signs
◦	Otoscopic exam
◦	Cytologic smear of otic discharge
◦	Ear Swab Cytology: Bacteria
◦	Ear Swab Cytology: Yeast

Question 15

Otitis Externa Treatment and Prevention

Answer 15

	Treatment
		Treat primary cause
		Clean and dry ears
		Apply topical medication
	Prevention
		Clean ears regularly

Question 16

Aural Hematoma Etiology:

Answer 16

◦ Usually secondary to otitis externa.
◦ Violent head shaking or scratching causes:
 Blood vessel breaks under the skin.
 Pocket of blood forms between skin and cartilage of pinna.

Question 17

Aural Hematoma Treatment

Answer 17

◦ Drain hematoma.
◦ Surgically tack skin and cartilage together.
◦ Treat underlying cause.

Question 18

Aural Hematoma Surgery

Answer 18

◦ Opening hematoma pocket.

◦ Ear tacked with through & through sutures.