Repro and Flashcards
Mammary Tumors
Dog is the domestic animal most affected
Etiology of Mammary Tumors
Unknown
Hormones play a role in development
- risk increased w/ progesterone administration
- risk is increased if OHE is delayed
General Characteristics of Mammary Tumors
- more than 50% of tumors are benign
- malignant tumors spread to LN’s, lung, bone
- most often affect the caudal mammary glands
- can affect 1 or more continuous glands
- appear as single or multiple nodules 1-25 cm in diameter
Pseudopregnancy (False Pregnancy) and Etiology
Affects intact female dogs
Hormonal changes during estrous cycle
Clinical Sign and Treatments of Pseudopregnancy (False Pregnancy)
-enlarged mammary glands, milk production, “mothering” behavior
Treatment -None- resolves spontaneously in 1-3 wks.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Disease of intact male dogs
Hypertrophy of normal prostatic tissue
Etiology -Androgenic hormone stimulation
Clinical Findings of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Most common in older intact males
Clinical signs
– tenesmus, dripping bloody fluid from the urethra, hematuria
Diagnosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Clinical signs Rectal palpation Radiographs Ultrasound Cytologic examination of prostatic fluid
Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Castration
Antiandrogen drugs
Lipoma
- subcutaneous, soft, oval masses of varying size
- common on the body trunk and proximal limbs of older, obese females
- can be surgically removed
Sebaceous gland tumors
- firm, elevated, cauliflower-like growths ranging from a few mm’s to several centimeters in diameter
- may be color of skin or pigmented, alopecic, oily, possibly ulcerated
- commonly observed on the body trunk, head, eyelids, limbs
- can be surgically removed
Diabetes Mellitus
Disease caused by the inability of body tissues to absorb glucose from circulating blood
Common disease of dogs and cats
Destruction of insulin producing cells (IDDM)
Destruction due to ?
- genetic factors
- chronic relapsing pancreatitis
- immune-mediated destruction
- accumulation of amyloid in islets of Langerhans
- virus infections
Decreased tissue response to insulin (NIDDM)
- obesity
- prolonged glucocorticoid administration
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Parenteral insulin administration
–SID or BID
–regular, NPH (isophane), lente, ultralente, PZI
–insulin therapy must be tailored to each individual animal
-Diet w/ inc. complex carbohydrates and fiber
(or inc. protein/low carbohydrate in cats)
-Oral hypoglycemic drugs
-Weight loss (if NIDDM)
Hypothyroidism
Disease characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones
Common disease in dogs
Etiology of Hypothyroidism
- Destruction of thyroid hormone producing cells
- Autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis
- Idiopathic atrophy of thyroid gland
Clinical Findings and Clinical signs of Hypothyroidism
Most common in 4-10 yr. old dogs, mid- to large-size
Clinical signs
-result of decreased metabolism
-affects all organ systems
-mental dullness, lethargy, exercise intolerance, weight gain, heat-seeking, nonpruritic alopecia (bilaterally symmetrical)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Clinical signs CBC Blood chemistry panel Thyroid function tests Treatment - Administration of thyroid hormone replacement
Hyperthyroidism
Common disease of older cats
Caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones
Etiology of Hyperthyroidism
Tumor of the thyroid gland
- thyroid adenoma
Clinical Findings and signs of Hyperthyroidism
Clinical Findings - Most common in middle-age to older cats
Clinical signs
-related to increased cellular metabolism
-weight loss, increased appetite, PU/PD, hyperexcitability, enlarged thyroid gland
-vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, panting
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Diagnosis
Clinical signs
Increased thyroid hormone levels in blood
Treatment
Surgery- thyroidectomy
Radiation therapy
Antithyroid drugs- methimazole (Tapazole)
