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KC SHB Questions > SHB Category: K, Horse Judging > Flashcards

SHB Category: K, Horse Judging Flashcards

Pages 410-447 Finished

1
Q

What is a natural 2-beat gait in which the lateral legs move simultaneously?

A

Pace

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2
Q

What is an exaggerated paddling?

A

Winging out

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3
Q

Most unsoundnesses from concussion and trauma occur where?

A

Front legs

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4
Q

What are the 3 natural gaits?

A

Walk, trot, and gallop

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5
Q

What term describes the withers, back, loin, and croup?

A

Topline

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6
Q

What term describes a horse that is free of any injuries or defects that would affect its usefulness?

A

Sound

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7
Q

What do we call ears that are carried horizontally to the side?

A

Lop ears

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8
Q

What are low, round, thick withers called?

A

Mutton withers

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9
Q

What are the bulged or op-eyed appearance of the eye called?

A

Bovine eyes

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10
Q

What is an unsoundness?

A

Defect in form or function that interferes with the usefulness of the horse

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11
Q

What term describes the physical appearance of the horse, due to arrangement of muscle, bone, and other body tissues?

A

Conformation

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12
Q

What is the single most important consideration when selecting a horse?

A

Purpose for which it is to be used

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13
Q

What is the fastest 4 beat artificial gait?

A

Rack

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14
Q

What term describes a hard contact with the ground?

A

Pounding

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15
Q

Give the term for a concave or sagging back.

A

Swayback

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16
Q

What is another name for the running walk?

A

Plantation gait

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17
Q

What is the smoothest gait of the Tennessee Walking Horse?

A

Running walk

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18
Q

Name the gait that is characterized by 2 beats, in which the diagonal fore and hind legs move together.

A

Trot

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19
Q

What term refers to a broken crest?

A

Lop neck

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20
Q

Name the action defect that results when the toe of the horse’s hind foot strikes the lateral forefoot.

A

Forging

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21
Q

Which is the faster gait, trotting or pacing?

A

Pacing

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22
Q

What is the mother of all gaits and the most useful gait?

A

Walk

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23
Q

Name the 4 parts of the horse that are included in the topline.

A

Withers, back, loin (coupling), and croup

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24
Q

What type of interference occurs at the trot when the hind foot strikes the sole of the front foot on the same side?

A

Forging

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25
Q

What would be the ideal ratio of the top to bottom lines of the horse’s neck?

A

2 to 1 with top longer

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26
Q

What is an ossification of the lateral cartilage resulting from injuries that cause calcium to accumulate and harden?

A

Sidebones

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27
Q

What is a bony enlargement in the groove formed by the splint and cannon bones?

A

Splint

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28
Q

What is exaggerated lifting and forward motion of one or both hocks that is spasmodic and involuntary and when is this condition most obvious?

A

Stringhalt, most obvious when backing or turning the horse

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29
Q

What shape should the head be when viewed from the side?

A

Triangular

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30
Q

Regardless of the breed, the hindquarters should appear to be what shape when viewed from the side?

A

Square

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31
Q

What is the term used to describe a short, quick, high, and often choppy stride?

A

Trappy

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32
Q

A horse with too much angle in the hock joint is called what?

A

Sickle hocked

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33
Q

In a balanced horse, the legs and heart girth are approximately the same length. How does having straight shoulders change this?

A

Straight shoulders cause legs to be longer than the heart girth

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34
Q

Blue eyes are often associated with horses of which breeding?

A

Pinto (paint)

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35
Q

Describe the unsoundness called stringhalt.

A

Involuntary excessive flexion of the horse’s hocks with forward motion.

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36
Q

A horse with too much angle in the hock joint is called what?

A

Sickle hocked

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37
Q

Balance is the single most important characteristic in equine selection because it forms the basics for movement, length of stride, and ultimately performance. Balance is determined by what physical structure?

A

Skeletal structure

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38
Q

What are 4 parts of the horse that are included in the topline?

A

Withers, back, loin (coupling), and croup

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39
Q

Ideally where should the horse’s eyes be positioned when viewed from the front?

A

About 1/3 of the distance from the poll to its muzzle

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40
Q

A horse with well-sprung ribs and heart girth and a deep, wide chest has ample room for what 2 systems?

A

Respiratory and digestive systems

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41
Q

What term describes a horse whose front toes point outward?

A

Splayfooted

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42
Q

What term refers to a pastern that has too much slope?

A

Coon footed

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43
Q

What is the term for a horse’s knees that are in front of vertical when viewed from the side?

A

Buck-kneed

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44
Q

Name the fastest paso gait.

A

Paso largo

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45
Q

What term describes the horse’s eyes when they are too small and set back into its head?

A

Pig-eyed

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46
Q

Which sex of horse would have a more prominent jaw and more heavily muscled body?

A

Male

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47
Q

What causes the action defect called rolling?

A

Wide fronted horse or extremely obese horse

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48
Q

In what 3 areas are muscles most likely to be developed in a heavily muscled horse?

A

Forearm, gaskin, rear quarters

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49
Q

What is the term for a horse’s knees that are behind vertical when viewed from the side?

A

Calf-kneed

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50
Q

What term describes a horse with a convex back, due to a permanently malformed spinal column?

A

Roach back

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51
Q

What is the single most important characteristic in equine selection?

A

Balance

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52
Q

Base-wide horses are predisposed to what?

A

Ringbone and navicular disease

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53
Q

What is a bony enlargement surrounding the bones of the pastern?

A

Ringbone

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54
Q

Horses that toe in will move with what type of arc?

A

Wide outward arc

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55
Q

When selecting a horse, what is the most important conformation characteristics of any breed?

A

Balance

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56
Q

What is the term for a horse that is weak in its coupling and shallow in the flank?

A

Hound gutted or wasp-waisted

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57
Q

What term describes the throwing of the front feet inward while in flight and what conformation problem is it associated with?

A

Dishing or winging, associated with toed-out or splayfooted

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58
Q

Horses that toe out will move with what type of arc?

A

Inward arc

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59
Q

What is the study of motion and the gaits, specifically with reference to mechanics and anatomy?

A

Kinesiology

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60
Q

The length of what is relative to the length of the shoulder and forearm?

A

Length of arm

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61
Q

What gait has a flowing movement in which the forelegs roll to the outside as the horse strides forward distinctive of the Peruvian Paso?

A

Termino

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62
Q

Describe a horse that is base narrow.

A

Front legs and hind legs too close together

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63
Q

What condition occurs when there is a strain on the flexor tendon which causes synovial fluid to escape into the hock hollow?

A

Thoroughpin

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64
Q

What is another name for an undershot jaw?

A

Monkey mouth

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65
Q

Which part of the horse’s hind quarters should be the widest when viewed from the rear?

A

Stifle area

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66
Q

What is it called when the hocks are too far apart, are generally predisposed to being base narrow, and can toe in on the rear hooves?

A

Bowlegged

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67
Q

What is it called when a horse toes in behind and are ‘out at the hocks’?

A

Bowlegged

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68
Q

Sickle hocks predispose a horse to what condition?

A

Curbs

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69
Q

What term describes when the horse’s front feet are wider at the ground than at their origin at the chest?

A

Base wide

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70
Q

Steep pasterns will cause what type of stride?

A

Choppy and rough

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71
Q

A splay footed conformation usually will cause what gait abnormality?

A

Winging

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72
Q

Describe what parts of the horse interfere when a horse forges.

A

Toe of the hind foot hits the sole or shoe of the forefoot on the same side

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73
Q

A good rule of thumb when judging horses is that when all other things are equal, what is an asset?

A

Size

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74
Q

What is the vital junction between the forearm and the cannon?

A

Knee

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75
Q

What is the vital junction between the gaskin and the cannon?

A

Hock

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76
Q

Which breed is known for its termino gait?

A

Peruvian Paso

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77
Q

What conformation defect has the carpus angled behind the ideal straight line of the front leg construction when viewed from the side?

A

Calf knees

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78
Q

A horse that is low at the withers or high at the hip is said to be walking downhill and will have a tendency to have what defect in its way of going?

A

Forging

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79
Q

Cow hocks often contribute to development of what condition?

A

Bone spavins

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80
Q

What term describes when the hairline at the top of the hindfoot hits the toe of the forefoot as it breaks over?

A

Scalping

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81
Q

Describe a horse that is cow-hocked.

A

Hocks are close together and its feet are wide apart

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82
Q

Define a lateral gait.

A

Legs on the same side perform the gait in pairs– pace

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83
Q

Which conformation fault of the forelimbs can cause ringbones and navicular disease?

A

Short upright pasterns

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84
Q

In reference to the way of going, winging occurs in horses with what conformation defect?

A

Base wide or toed-out feet

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85
Q

What is it called when the lower jaw protrudes in front of the upper jaw?

A

Monkey mouth (undershot jaw)

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86
Q

A pigeon-toed horse exhibits a deviation of its foot in flight, what is this action called?

A

Paddling

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87
Q

What condition has too much angle in the hock joint?

A

Sickle hocks

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88
Q

Which conformation fault can cause a curb?

A

Sickle hocks

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89
Q

A base narrow horse is predisposed to landing on the outside of its hoof walls, thus may have a tendency to develop which 2 conditions?

A

Ringbone, sidebones, and heel bruising

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90
Q

Bowlegged horses will cause increased weight to be carried where on the hoof wall?

A

To the outside

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91
Q

What area of the hoof carries more weight on a horse that is base narrow?

A

Outside of the hoof

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92
Q

What is it called when a horse has a structural problem or deviation that has only a limited effect on the horse’s ability to perform?

A

Serviceably sound

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93
Q

What area of the hoof carries more weight on a horse that is base wide?

A

Inside of the hoof

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94
Q

What are 2 additional gaits of the 5 gaited Saddlebred?

A

Slow gait and rack

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95
Q

What term describes a specific way of going with a specific sequence of limb movements that are repeated each stride with a regular cadence?

A

Gait

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96
Q

What term refers to when the horse’s leg stands under its hip from the hocks down due to excessive angulation in the hock when viewed from the side?

A

Sickle hocked

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97
Q

What are 2 basic types of supporting leg interference?

A

Brushing & striking

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98
Q

What condition has the cannon bones set too far to the outside of the knee?

A

Bench knees or offset knees

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99
Q

What term is used to indicate a horse that stands closer at the ground than at the origin of the legs in the chest?

A

Base narrow

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100
Q

What part of the horse provides propulsion, serves as a base of support & helps absorb shock?

A

Forequarters

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101
Q

What term refers to a horse that stands closer at the ground than at the origin of the legs in the chest?

A

Base narrow

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102
Q

What term is used to indicate a horse that stands wider at the ground than at the origin of the legs inn the chest?

A

Base wide

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103
Q

Horses that stand base narrow, are predisposed to extra weight being placed on what part of the hoof?

A

Outside of hoof

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104
Q

Horses that stand base wide, are predisposed to extra weight being placed on what part of the hoof?

A

Inside of the hoof

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105
Q

Name the specific part of the horse’s back or topline that must be well muscled, short & strong, in order to transmit the forward power generated in the hind quarters.

A

Loin (coupling)

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106
Q

What is a bony enlargement surrounding the bones of pastern?

A

Ringbone

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107
Q

Horses that are bowed in at the hocks & cannon bones instead of being parallel are called what?

A

Cow hocked

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108
Q

Which structural deviation of the knees when viewed from the side is extremely serious & many horses with this condition will not stay sound?

A

Calf kneed (back at the knee)

109
Q

What 2 problems are camped out horses predisposed to?

A

Navicular disease & laminitis

110
Q

What term describes a horse whose entire forelimb is too far forward & away from the body?

A

Camped out

111
Q

What term describes a horse whose forelimb is too far under the body?

A

Camped under

112
Q

What term denotes excess hair on the chin, throat, ears & legs?

A

Coarseness

113
Q

Which area of the hoof carries more weight if a horse has knocked knees?

A

Inside of the hoof

114
Q

What is an extension backward of the flexor tendons caused by tearing or stretching?

A

Bowed tendon

115
Q

What condition has the entire knee set to the inside of a straight line from the chest to the toe?

A

Knock kneed or close kneed

116
Q

What is the exaggerated lifting & forward movement of one or both hocks that is spasmodic & involuntary & when is this condition most obvious?

A

Stringhalt, most obvious when backing or turning sharply

117
Q

Name the conformation defect characterized by a weak loin & shallow flank.

A

Hound gutted

118
Q

What are the 2 types of stride interference?

A

Striding leg interference & supporting leg interference

119
Q

What is a bony enlargement that appears on the inside & front of the hock at the point where the base of the hock tapers into the cannon bone?

A

Bone spavin or Jack spavin

120
Q

What is the characteristic of a ‘stride stance phase’?

A

One or more of the horse’s feet are on the ground during the stride

121
Q

What term describes characteristics such as head shape, head & neck carriage, body structure, color characteristics, gaits or way of going?

A

Breed type

122
Q

What term is used to indicate that a horse may have a structural problem or deviation which may have only a limited affect on the horse’s ability to perform?

A

Serviceably sound

123
Q

Describe the pace

A

Rapid 2- beat gait in which the lateral forelegs and hindlegs move together

124
Q

The majority of the horse’s weight, approximately 60-65%, is carried where?

A

Front legs

125
Q

What is another term for offset knee?

A

Bench knee

126
Q

What is the most important factor when selecting a new horse?

A

Purpose for which it will be used

127
Q

What gait has a flowing movement in which the forelegs roll to the outside as the horse strides forward?

A

Termino ( Peruvian Paso’s gait)

128
Q

What is the speed of the fox trot?

A

5 - 8 miles per hour

129
Q

A horse whose height at the withers, height at the hip & length of body is approximately the same is said to be what?

A

Balanced

130
Q

Where is the primary point of attachment of the forelimbs to the rest of the body?

A

Shoulder blade or scapula

131
Q

What is the hardest part of the horse to keep sound?

A

Forelegs

132
Q

What is the term for the physical appearance of an animal due to the arrangement of muscle, bone & often body tissue?

A

Conformation

133
Q

Height measurement of horses is recorded as what?

A

Hands

134
Q

What percent of the horse’s weight is carried on the front legs?

A

60-65%

135
Q

What is the ideal slope of the shoulder?

A

45 - 50 degrees

136
Q

What is a fast, 4-beat gait, characterized by a smooth , fluid motion where the hind legs overstrides the print of the front foot, the head nods & it has a 1-2-3-4 beat cadence?

A

Running walk

137
Q

What are the 3 most important paso gaits?

A

Paso fino, paso corto & paso largo

138
Q

What is the speed of the running walk gait of the Tennessee Walking horse?

A

8 - 10 miles per hour

139
Q

The best description of size is a combination of what 2 measurements?

A

Weight & height

140
Q

What term is used to refer to refinement of hair, hide, bones & joints?

A

Quality

141
Q

Name2 types of ears that are undesirable.

A

Lop ears & mule ears

142
Q

In what area of the horse would stringhalt be found?

A

Hindlegs

143
Q

What measurement can be used as a remarkably accurate method of estimating weight regardless of breed?

A

Heart girth measurment

144
Q

What is the best measurement of growth in a horse?

A

Weight

145
Q

What term describes a short, quick, high & often choppy stride?

A

Trappy

146
Q

What conformation defect causes paddling?

A

Pigeon toed horses (toes in)

147
Q

What is the hoof beat sequence of the trot?

A

2 beat diagonal pairs of legs move together, Right front & left hind & Left front & right hind move together

148
Q

Describe the pace.

A

2 beat lateral gait with the front & rear feet on the same side start & land together

149
Q

What conformation defect causes rolling?

A

Wide chested horses

150
Q

What measurement is used to refer to the fractions of a hand?

A

Inches

151
Q

What is the only horse in the world that is capable to naturally overstride?

A

Tennessee Walker

152
Q

What is the most common conformational fault of the hind leg when viewed from the side?

A

Sickle hocked

153
Q

What are the 2 basic types of interferences?

A

Striding leg interference & supporting leg interference

154
Q

What term describes horses that roll from side to side as they stride?

A

Rolling

155
Q

When the horse changes gaits from the canter to the gallop, why does the beat change from 3 to 4?

A

In the gallop the middle diagonal pair of legs no longer hit the ground together, the hind leg hits the ground slightly before the diagonal front leg changing the beat to 4

156
Q

Which is the more serious fault: buck knees or calf knees?

A

Calf knees

157
Q

What is the desirable conformation trait that allows for free forward motion of the limbs with looking at the shoulder?

A

Sloping shoulder

158
Q

A concave neck accompanied by a depression in front of the withers & thickened, rounded underline of the neck is called what?

A

Ewe neck

159
Q

What is calf-kneed?

A

Sprung back at the knee

160
Q

What is the basic difference between the Paso fino & the Paso largo?

A

Paso largo is faster

161
Q

What is an inward break at the knee?

A

Knock kneed

162
Q

The artificial gaits all have what 2 things in common?

A

All have 4 beats & sequence is similar to that of the walk

163
Q

What is it called when the horse’s knees are sprung forward?

A

Buck kneed

164
Q

Which breed of horse has a natural overstride?

A

Tennessee Walker

165
Q

What term describes the repeated limb coordination & placement patterns exhibited by the moving horse?

A

Stride

166
Q

Name 2 differences in the running walk & the rack.

A

Rack has more action, the hind legs at the rack do not overreach the front legs

167
Q

What is it called when the hind leg is hit at the cannon or shin with the front toe?

A

Shin hitting

168
Q

Which of the basic types of interferences is the most serious?

A

Supporting leg interference

169
Q

What supporting leg interference results in an open wound?

A

Striking

170
Q

Why are the lower legs of the horse used to estimate bone quality?

A

No muscling below the knees & hocks so bones are easily viewed, can’t see other bones of the body

171
Q

What is the difference between the trot & the pace?

A

Both are 2 beat gaits, trot is diagonal while pace is lateral

172
Q

What term refers to the luster of the hair coat?

A

Bloom

173
Q

What 2 stride factors determine the speed of a horse?

A

Stride frequency & stride length

174
Q

What is the term used to indicate that a horse may have a structural problem or deviation which may have a limited affect on horse’s ability to perform?

A

Serviceably sound

175
Q

What are the 2 supporting leg interferences?

A

Brushing and striking

176
Q

What is it called when the hind leg hits the correct with the toe of the forefoot?

A

Scalping

177
Q

What do roughed hair, nicks & scars on the fetlock tell you about a horse’s way of going?

A

It may interfere

178
Q

What is a fast 4 beat ground covering walk characteristic of the Tennessee Walking Horse?

A

Running walk

179
Q

What is it called when the hind leg on one side strikes the diagonal foreleg?

A

Cross-firing

180
Q

What 2 conformational faults occur when the articular ridge & the articular grooves of the tibial tarsal bone do not fit correctly?

A

Splay footed & pigeon toed

181
Q

What 2 artificial gaits does the American Saddle Horse perform?

A

Slow gait & rack

182
Q

What is an occult spavin?

A

Hock lameness without visible exostosis ( bony outgrowth)

183
Q

Horses that wear the hoof wall unevenly usually have what problem?

A

Crooked legs or feet

184
Q

The main propulsive force for forward motion is what?

A

Hind legs

185
Q

How much will the angle of the front feet differ from the angle of the hind feet?

A

Hind feet are 2 - 3 degrees greater

186
Q

What is it called when the hind leg is hit at the pastern or fetlock with the toe of the forefoot?

A

Speedy cutting

187
Q

Which gait is easy on the rider but tiring for the horse & receives much emphasis in the judging of 5-gaited horses?

A

Rack

188
Q

Name 2 ways the horse’s gaits will be affected by a steep shoulder.

A

Shorter stride& rough gaits

189
Q

Which gait is a fast, flashy, 4-beat gait that is free from any pacing motion & is sometimes called the single foot?

A

Rack

190
Q

What is the pivot point of the horse’s back?

A

Loin ( coupling)

191
Q

What is another name for overshot muzzle?

A

Parrot mouth

192
Q

What is it called when the hind foot strikes the forefoot & the impact area is on the pastern or fetlock?

A

Speedy cutting

193
Q

What term describes long, thick, heavy ears?

A

Mule ears

194
Q

Describe the 4 basic steps used in a systematic approach to horse judging.

A

Tracking the horse, profile view from the side at a distance, close inspection from the front & rear

195
Q

What term describes the twisting of the striding leg around the supporting leg?

A

Rope walking or winding

196
Q

A horse with ‘too much set to the hocks’ is often described as having what kind of hocks?

A

Sickle hocks

197
Q

What condition is predisposed in horses with toe-in or pigeon-toed standing positions?

A

Paddling

198
Q

What is the term for the physical appearance of an animal due to the arrangement of muscle, bone & other body tissue?

A

Conformation

199
Q

What is an outward break at the knee?

A

Bowlegged

200
Q

What term describes the use of painful methods & devices to enhance the horse’s gait in the show ring?

A

Soring

201
Q

If a horse is thick & coarse in the throatlatch, name 2 things that may be restricted when the horse is asked to flex at the poll.

A

Air & blood flow

202
Q

What 2 factors will a judge use to evaluate the barrel of a horse?

A

Spring of ribs & depth of heartgirth

203
Q

What is the term for hitting the sole of the forefoot with the toe of the hindfoot on the same side?

A

Forging

204
Q

What action defect occurs when a pigeon-toed horse throws his front feet outward?

A

Paddling

205
Q

When the cannon is not centered in the knee when viewed from the front, it is called what?

A

Offset or bench knee

206
Q

What is the ideal slope of the horse’s shoulder?

A

45 - 50 degrees

207
Q

What is the single most important physical characteristic in equine selection because it forms the basics for movement, length of stride & ultimately performance & is determined by skeleton structure?

A

Balance

208
Q

What is the fast, four-beat ground covering walk characteristic of the Tennessee Walking horse?

A

Running walk

209
Q

Name 3 temperment characteristics associated with the size & appearance of the eyes.

A

Large quiet soft eyes indicate quiet docile disposition. Pig eyes indicate lazy & difficult to train. Excessive white around eye indicates nervous & flighty

210
Q

The length of the arm is relative to the length of which 2 other parts of the horse?

A

Shoulder & forearm

211
Q

How many stride suspension phases are in one stride at the canter?

A

One

212
Q

Describe the difference between the stance phase & the swing phase of a stride.

A

Stance phase is the weight lifting phase where one or more limbs are in contact with the ground, Swing phase is when no limbs are in contact with the ground.

213
Q

What is another name for patella fixation?

A

Stifled

214
Q

Give a location & also describe what a splint is.

A

Calcification or bony growth found on the cannon bone or splint bone area of the leg, usually the front leg.

215
Q

The Tennessee Walking Horse, at the running walk, covers approximately how many miles per hour?

A

10

216
Q

Name the 3 natural gaits of the Tennessee Walking Horse.

A

Flat footed walk, running walk, canter

217
Q

Name 4 gaits that do not have a suspension phase.

A

Walk, foxtrot, singlefoot, amble, running walk, paso

218
Q

Describe coonfooted

A

Too much slope to the pastern

219
Q

What are the 2 primary structural deviations in the knees, when viewed from the side & which is most common?

A

Buck knees ( over at the knee) most common & calf knee (back at the knee)

220
Q

Describe abduction as it applies to limb movement.

A

Movement away from the median plane ( away from center of line dissecting horse vertically)

221
Q

What is it called when a horse has low pasterns & shallow heels?

A

Coon footed

222
Q

What are wind puffs & are they an unsoundness or blemish?

A

Soft, puffy, fluid filled swellings occurring around a joint capsule, tendon sheath or bursa. Usually on the lower legs. They are blemishes

223
Q

Describe the difference between striding leg & supporting leg interference.

A

Striding leg-one moving leg make contact with another moving leg, Supporting leg-the striding leg strikes the supporting leg

224
Q

What causes the action defect called rolling?

A

Wide fronted horses or extremely obese horses

225
Q

What are 3 natural & 3 artificial gaits of the horse?

A

Natural - walk, trot & gallop (pace can be also), Artificial - running walk, slow gait, rack, stepping pace, pacing walk, paso, single foot, amble

226
Q

Name the 2 basic types of gaits & give an example of each.

A

Natural- walk, trot, gallop. Artificial - rack, canter, lope, jog,, running walk, slow gait, sometimes the pace

227
Q

Name 3 factors that influence the correctness of a young foal’s legs & hooves.

A

Adequate exercise, equal & even pressure of the growth plates, properly trimmed hooves with any corrections done when foal is a few days old & its hooves are hard enough to trim

228
Q

Describe 3 features of the lope.

A

3 beat gait,, very slow to medium slow smooth gait, horse’s head is carried low

229
Q

What are the foot fall sequence for the left lead canter?

A

Right hind, left hind & right fore together, left fore

230
Q

Describe the difference between scalping & speedy cutting.

A

Scalping-toe of front foot hits the coronet of the hind leg, Speedy cutting-toe of forefoot hits the pastern or fetlock of the hind leg

231
Q

Describe the action defect, scalping.

A

Forefoot toe hits the hind leg at the coronet band

232
Q

Describe a horse that is bucked kneed.

A

Front legs bent forward at the knees or oversprung at the knees

233
Q

Name 5 systematic unsoundnesses.

A

Heaves (COPD), azoturia (Monday morning sickness), Roaring, colic, any contagious disease (rhinopneumonitis, influenza, strangles, etc.)

234
Q

Name 2 areas of the horse that is critical to its length of stride & smoothness of gait.

A

Forequarters, forelimbs, thoracic limbs

235
Q

Describe a base narrow horse.

A

Front legs & or hind legs too close together

236
Q

A pigeon toed horse exhibits a deviation of its foot in flight, what is this action called?

A

Paddling

237
Q

How many suspended phases are there when all 4 of the horse’s feet are off the ground during the gallop?

A

One, just after the lead foot leaves the ground

238
Q

Name 3 conformation faults of the knee.

A

Calf kneed, buck kneed, knock kneed, bench knees, offset knee

239
Q

Describe adduction as it applies to limb movement.

A

Movement towards the median (center of line the dissects the horse vertically) plane

240
Q

What determines the balance of a horse?

A

Its skeletal structures

241
Q

Describe rope walking

A

Twisting of the striding leg around the supporting leg

242
Q

What are the foot fall sequence of a right lead canter?

A

Left hind, right hind & left fore together, right fore

243
Q

What is the hoof sequence of the paso?

A

Right rear, right fore, left rear, left fore

244
Q

How does a horse with excessive angulation of the hock generally stand?

A

Camped-under/fleet too far forward

245
Q

What is the term for a convex appearance from the eye to the muzzle?

A

Roman nose

246
Q

What gait is a broken pace, with more action in front than behind, that is performed at 3 speeds?

A

Paso

247
Q

The angle of the front foot should be equal to the angle of what 2 other parts?

A

Angle of shoulder & pasterns

248
Q

What is the incapability of movement when first starting exercise?

A

Cold lameness

249
Q

What does ‘lightness’ mean when referring to the horse’s mouth?

A

Softness & responsiveness during training

250
Q

What is a natural 4 beat lateral gait that is extremely smooth on the rider & performed at three speeds?

A

Paso

251
Q

What is a bony enlargement in the groove formed by the splint & cannon bones?

A

Splint

252
Q

Describe a pigeye

A

Eye that is too small for the size of the head

253
Q

What breed is noted for its flat foot walk, running walk & a rocking chair canter?

A

Tennessee Walking horse

254
Q

What term used to describe a horse that has too much lope to its pasterns?

A

Coon footed

255
Q

In pigeon toed horses, the horse’s feet move forward in what type of arc?

A

Wide outward arc

256
Q

What is the most frequent structural deviation of the knee when viewed from the side?

A

Over at the knee ( buck kneed)

257
Q

Name 5 common conformation faults of horses that can be corrected by trimming its hooves.

A

Splayfooted, pigeon toed, cocked ankles, quarter crack, contracted heels

258
Q

Name 3 interferences that occur when one front leg strikes the opposite front leg.

A

Ankle hitting, shin hitting, knee hitting, forearm hitting

259
Q

Give 5 types of undesirable characteristics of a horse’s front legs when viewed from the front.

A

Bow legged, base narrow, base wide, knock kneed, pigeon toes, splayfooted, offset knee(bench knee)

260
Q

What are the 2 basic causes of unsoundness?

A

Congenital & acquired

261
Q

Name 5 conformation faults of the horse’s body, excluding the leg & head.

A

Mutton withers, swayback, roach back, ewe neck, straight shoulders, wasp-waisted, narrow chest, shoulder too wide, short thick neck, slab sided, goose rumped, lop neck, thick throatlatch.

262
Q

Name 5 structural deviations of the front legs

A

Knock-kneed(close knees), bench knees(offset), bowlegged, base wide, base narrow, pigeon toed, splayfooted

263
Q

The angle & position of what 2 parts of the hindquarters will determine how collected, balanced
& horizontal the movement of the hind limbs will be?

A

Croup angle & hock position

264
Q

What are the 2 general classifications of gaits?

A

Natural & artificial

265
Q

Describe the difference between supporting leg interference & striding leg interference.

A

Striding leg-one moving leg makes contact with another moving leg, Supporting leg-striding leg strikes the supporting leg

266
Q

Name 4 structural deviations of the front legs.

A

Knock-knees, bench knees (offset knee), bowlegged, base wide, base narrow, pigeon toed, splayfooted

267
Q

What are the 5 walks exhibited in a dressage test?

A

Working, collected, medium, extended & free

268
Q

Name 5 common conformation faults of horses that can be corrected by trimming its hooves.

A

Splayfooted, pigeon toed, cocked ankles, quarter crack, contracted heels

KC SHB Questions (18 decks)

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