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KC SHB Questions > SHB Category: J, Parasites > Flashcards

SHB Category: J, Parasites Flashcards

Pages 381-410 Complete Deck

1
Q

What is another name for internal parasites?

A

Endoparasites

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2
Q

What type of segmentation does a nematode have?

A

None

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3
Q

What is another name for ectoparasites?

A

External parasites

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4
Q

What is another name for endoparasites?

A

Internal parasites

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5
Q

Which 3 species of strongyles are the most damaging to the horse?

A

Strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, and strongylus equinus

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6
Q

What is another name for external parasites?

A

Ectoparasites

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7
Q

What is the genus of the bot?

A

Gasterophilus

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8
Q

Which adult parasite resembles a honey bee?

A

Bot fly

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9
Q

What is a parasite?

A

Small organism that lives on or in and at the expense of a larger organism called a host

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10
Q

Define an ectoparasite.

A

Parasites that attack the skin and body openings of the horse

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11
Q

What are nits?

A

Lice or bot eggs

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12
Q

What is another name for nematodes?

A

Roundworms

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13
Q

Name the 2 general types of parasites.

A

Internal (endoparasites), and external (ectoparasites)

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14
Q

What is another name for a nematode?

A

Roundrowm

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15
Q

Which insect does the horse bot fly resemble?

A

Honey bee

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16
Q

Which sex of the horse fly bites the horse?

A

Female

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of colic and undernourished horses?

A

Internal parasites

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18
Q

What is the very large (5-22 inches) yellowish-white nematode parasite of the small intestine?

A

Ascarids

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19
Q

Describe a nematode.

A

Round worm with slender, unsegmented cylindrical bodies that taper towards each end

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20
Q

What is the more common term for Parascaris Equorum?

A

Ascarids

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21
Q

What is the more common term for Gasterophilus Intestinalis?

A

Common bot

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22
Q

Which parasite spends their entire life from egg to adult clinging to the hairs of a horse?

A

Lice

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23
Q

What are the 2 principal undesirable effects of oxyuris equi infections?

A

Disfigurement and discomfort

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24
Q

Describe the parascaris equorum.

A

Large (5-15 inches) yellowish-white nematode of the small intestine

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25
Q

How many eggs does the pinworm lay?

A

8000 to 60,000

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26
Q

Describe an ascarid.

A

Very large (5-15 inches) yellowish-white nematode of the small intestine

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27
Q

Musca Autumnalis is the species of which common parasite?

A

Face flies

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28
Q

Strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, and strongylus equinus are usually found where and can cause what condition?

A

Blood vessels of the large intestine and can cause anemia or possibly an embolism

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29
Q

What is the infective stage of a parasite?

A

The stage which is adapted to gaining access and taking up residence in the host

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30
Q

Stomach worms can cause severe itching and production of exuberant granulation tissue. What is the common name for the tissue that is produced?

A

Proud flesh

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31
Q

What is the third stage molt of all nematodes?

A

Ecolysis (casting of old larval skin)

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32
Q

What are the common terms for external and internal parasites?

A

Ectoparasites (external) and Endoparasites (internal)

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33
Q

How many eggs are laid by a female louse?

A

20-30 eggs at intervals of 1 1/2 days

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34
Q

Which parasite’s second stage larvae is encased in a sticky and protective shell and can remain alive and stuck to a surface for years?

A

Ascarids

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35
Q

How long is an ascarid?

A

5-15 inches

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36
Q

How many species of bot flies are there in North America

A

3

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37
Q

What does the adult bot fly feed on?

A

Nothing, they only have vestigial mouth parts and cannot eat

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38
Q

How many species of strongyles is the horse a host to?

A

54

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39
Q

All nematodes undergo how many molts?

A

4

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40
Q

Name 3 parasites that can cause tail rubbing.

A

Pinworms, mites, and lice

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41
Q

Which type of parasite is Chorioptes equi?

A

Mite (this one causes tail mange)

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42
Q

Severe louse infestations are rarely observed in pastured horses during what season of the year?

A

Warmer months (summer) it is most common in late fall

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43
Q

What is a form of dermatitis characterized by the formation of crusts or scabs, intense itching, and is caused by mites?

A

Mange

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44
Q

Name 3 causes of pruritus ani.

A

Pinworms, mites, and lice

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45
Q

What causes persistent, disfiguring, and intensely itching skin lesions called summer sores?

A

Stomach worms (habronema)

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46
Q

What stage of life would the large strongyles live in water films of vegetation, stable walls, managers, and etc?

A

Third stage larva

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47
Q

Which internal parasite can cause chronic conjunctivitis?

A

Stomach worms

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48
Q

What is a slender, unsegmented cylindrical parasite that tapers towards each end?

A

Nematodes (roundworm)

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49
Q

Which type of parasite has a tendency to group together near the ileo-cecal junction, may cause chronic diarrhea and can cause instersusception (telescoping of the intestines)?

A

Tape worm

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50
Q

Which internal parasite’s eggs are usually not found in the manure but are usually adhered to the skin of the anus?

A

Pinworms

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51
Q

Which adult parasite of the horse has no mouth parts, can not eat anything and must rely on energy it stored while a parasitic larvae in the stomach?

A

Bot fly (must say fly)

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52
Q

How many species belong to the family, Strongylidae?

A

54

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53
Q

Of the 3 species of bots, which one is the most common?

A

Gasterophilus intestinalis

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54
Q

Which parasite of the horse is closely related to the common house fly?

A

Face fly

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55
Q

What type of endoparasite can cause a foal to have a dull hair coat, dry skin, and distended abdomen?

A

Ascarids

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56
Q

Which is the only species of common bots to lay black eggs?

A

Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis

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57
Q

How large is parascaris equorum?

A

5-15 inches long

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58
Q

What is another name for a roundworm?

A

Nematode

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59
Q

Which parasite is slender, the tails terminate into a point, and they cause disfigurement and discomfort to the horse?

A

Pinworm

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60
Q

Which stage of the Strongylus vulgaris’ life cycle does the most damage to the host?

A

Fourth stage larvae

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61
Q

Small strongyles’ larvae are the most numerous in fecal cultures, which species of strongyles has the next highest numbers?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

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62
Q

Which parasite is at a maximum level in the early weeks of a foal’s life but finally disappears at approximately 5 months of age?

A

Strongyloides westeri

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63
Q

What is the only nematode that does not have a separate male and female parasitic form?

A

Strongyloides westeri

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64
Q

The horse is host to approximately 54 species of this worm family, name it.

A

Strongyles

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65
Q

Which species of pinworm is the largest?

A

Oxyuris equi

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66
Q

When should the treatment for bots be scheduled?

A

From mid to late summer and after a killing frost

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67
Q

What are the large roundworms that primarily affect foals and young growing horses?

A

Ascarids (parascaris equorum)

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68
Q

What are the 2 basic methods of internal parasite reduction?

A

Management and chemical control

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69
Q

Adult horse flies are the intermediate host to which parasite?

A

Stomach worm (habronema)

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70
Q

A large population of bloodsucking stable flies may cause several problems, name 2.

A

Severe dermatitis (skin problems), possible infections, secondary affects of blood loss, fractured leg bones from stomping

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71
Q

How long is the life cycle of a mosquito?

A

10-14 days

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72
Q

Name 2 methods of purge deworming.

A

Paste, stomach tube and those using feed as a carrier for the compound

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73
Q

Many veterinarians recommend deworming foals and weanlings how often?

A

Every 30-60 days for first year of life

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74
Q

Lone Star, Rocky Mountain, American dog. Tropical and Spinose are all different types of what?

A

Ticks

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75
Q

Which parasite can cause erosion on the tongue and gums of the horse?

A

Bot larvae

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76
Q

What type of test is used by your vet to determine the number and type of parasites found in your horse?

A

Fecal examination

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77
Q

Threadworms (strongyloides westeri) infections originate from what 2 sources in the foal’s environment?

A

By ingesting larvae in dam’s milk or by larvae present in bedding by penetrating foal’s skin

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78
Q

Which intestinal parasite is not affected by the ‘continuous’ deworming program?

A

Bots

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79
Q

What is the most common physical form of administering anti-parasitic compounds to horses?

A

Paste

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80
Q

Which fly is so annoying to some horses that they may lose weight because they spend more time fighting this fly than grazing?

A

Bot fly

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81
Q

Infections of strongyloides westeri are most common in young foals of what ages?

A

From 4-47 days old

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82
Q

What is the main problem caused by threadworms?

A

Diarrhea

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83
Q

After being swallowed by the horse, where do the bot larvae attach themselves?

A

Wall of the horse’s stomach

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84
Q

Organophosphates are used primarily to kill which parasite?

A

Bots

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85
Q

Which part of the horse’s digestive system is affected by strongyles, pinworms, and tapeworms?

A

Large intestine

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86
Q

What term describes insects that carry disease producing organisms?

A

Insect vector (vector)

87
Q

Name the 3 most important strongyles as far as doing the most damage.

A

Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus edentatus, strongylus equinus

88
Q

What is the scientific name for threadworms?

A

Strongyloides westeri

89
Q

What is the scientific name for the red bloodworms that infect horses?

A

Strongyles

90
Q

What is the life cycle of a fly?

A

Egg, larvae, pupa and adult

91
Q

What is the scientific name for the common horse bot fly?

A

Gasterophilus instestinalis

92
Q

Name the parasite that depends on wet saliva from the horse’s mouth in order to hatch and become infective.

A

Bot

93
Q

Name the parasite that affects foals through its dams milk by penetrating the foal’s skin.

A

Strongyloides westeri (threadworms)

94
Q

Approximately how much money is spent per year on pest control?

A

$270 million

95
Q

Which adult parasite may reach a length of 5-22 inches?

A

Ascarids (parascaris equorum)

96
Q

Name the parasite responsible for the most damage to the horse’s lungs and liver.

A

Ascarid larvae (parascaris equorum)

97
Q

How long does it take to complete the life cycle of a house fly?

A

1-2 weeks

98
Q

How long does it take for a nymph to reach maturity?

A

3-4 weeks

99
Q

How should cattle grubs be removed from horses?

A

Surgically by a vet

100
Q

Doubling the normal dose of pyrantel pamoate is an effective treatment for which parasite?

A

Tape worms

101
Q

Oribatid mites are an intermediate host for which parasite?

A

Tape worms

102
Q

What is the primary objective to a successful parasite control program?

A

Interruption of the parasite’s life cycle

103
Q

During which season are lice more of a problem for horses?

A

During winter

104
Q

How many distinct species of small strongyles infect the large intestine of the horse?

A

about 40

105
Q

How long is the life cycle of the threadworm?

A

Less than 2 weeks

106
Q

Which of the strongyles is the most damaging to the horse?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

107
Q

Of the Big 3 of the strongles family, which one is the most important and most destructive?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

108
Q

What 2 things are necessary for bot eggs to hatch?

A

Friction and moisture

109
Q

What is the poisonous chemical found in the secretion of the blister beetle?

A

Cantharid

110
Q

Which of the 2 general types of strongyles is the most numerous in the naturally infected horse?

A

Small strongyles

111
Q

There is strong evidence that the so-called foal heat diarrhea is not related to any alteration the the chemical composition of the mare’s milk but is in fact caused by what?

A

INfections with strongloides westeri (threadworms)

112
Q

Strongyles are divided into 2 major groups, what are they?

A

Large and small strongyles

113
Q

In which organ does the third stage larva of strongylus endentatus and strongylus equinus molt into their fourth stage larva?

A

In the liver

114
Q

Which 2 parasites serve as an intermediate host for the stomach worm?

A

House flies and stable flies

115
Q

Name the parasite associated with summer sores.

A

Stomach worm

116
Q

What is the vector for lyme disease?

A

Ticks

117
Q

What is the foundation of any fly control program?

A

Good sanitation

118
Q

What would be an acceptable fecal egg count in a few horses that occupy a relatively large pasture?

A

500 eggs per gram or lower

119
Q

The fourth stage larvae of which parasite will migrate to the anterior mesenteric artery where they cause inflammation?

A

Strongyles

120
Q

What would be an acceptable fecal egg count in large amounts of horses confined to a small paddock?

A

100 eggs per gram or lower

121
Q

Which type of parasite can cause malnutrition, perforation of the bowel wall, and fatal peritonitis?

A

Ascarids

122
Q

Which type of parasite has parasitic females that develop from unfertilized eggs and there are no parasitic males?

A

Strongyloides westeri (threadworms)

123
Q

In what 2 areas are adult pinworms most commonly found?

A

Colon and rectum

124
Q

Ascarids eggs will start to appear in the manure of foals at what age?

A

10-13 weeks

125
Q

What is the most successful way to control parasites?

A

Interrupt the parasite’s life cycle or have a good deworming program

126
Q

How many eggs will the adult female ascarid lay per day?

A

Up to 200,000

127
Q

Strongyles occur in horses of all ages except one, name this age.

A

Neonatal foals

128
Q

What is the incubation time for bot eggs and what stimulates them to hatch?

A

Incubation is 1-5 days, hatch when horse licks them

129
Q

How many eggs does the strongyle female lay per day?

A

Several thousand eggs per day

130
Q

How long is the average life cycle of the strongylus vulgaris?

A

6-7 months

131
Q

What type of parasite is the trichostronglus axei?

A

Stomach worm

132
Q

How long is the average life cycle of strongylus equinus and edentatus?

A

8-11 months

133
Q

What percentage of strongle eggs in a naturally infected horse are produced by small strongyles?

A

75-100%

134
Q

Which of the major internal parasites of the horse has no migratory state after being ingested?

A

Pinworms

135
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

Network of interconnections in the intestinal arterial tree

136
Q

What 3 endoparasites utilize only the horse as a host?

A

Strongles (blood worms), Ascarids (intestinal worms), Stomach bots

137
Q

What blood vessel is the most converged on in the migration route of the strongyles in every horse?

A

Cranial mesenteric artery

138
Q

Name the parasite that is responsible for foal heat diarrhea, that in fact has nothing to do with the first postparturient heat of its dam.

A

Strongyloides westeri

139
Q

Which is the smallest of the Big 3 strongyle nematodes?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

140
Q

The horse’s arterial evolution in feeding blood to its intestines is an adaptation from attacks of what form?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

141
Q

Which external parasite can cause anemia if enough are on the horse?

A

Bloodsucking lice

142
Q

Which parasite causes an itchy anus?

A

Pinworms

143
Q

What are the 2 types of lice that infect horses?

A

Bloodsucking (haematopinus asini) and biting (damalinia equi)

144
Q

How do horses become infected with tapeworms?

A

By ingesting free-living mites infected with tapeworm larvae

145
Q

What are the 2 species of pinworms that infect horses?

A

Probstmayria vivipara and oxyuris equi

146
Q

What do we call lice eggs?

A

Nits

147
Q

Why are foals particularly susceptible to threadworm infections?

A

They can ingest larvae from their dam’s milk

148
Q

How many species of tapeworms are there?

A

3

149
Q

How long does the bot larvae stay in the stomach of a horse?

A

9 months

150
Q

Approximately how long after the administration of an effective anthelmintic drug is it before strongyle eggs reappear?

A

6-8 weeks

151
Q

Name 2 parasites that utilize horses and other animals as hosts.

A

Horse flies, mosquitos, face flies, trichostrongylus axei, certain ticks

152
Q

What are 2 of the favorite breeding sites for the house fly?

A

Manure and decaying organic matter

153
Q

Where do the first stage larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis hatch?

A

On the outside of the horse-usually on the hairs of the forelegs

154
Q

Which parasite is a distant cousin to the spider?

A

Mange mites

155
Q

Why is a knowledge of the life cycles of parasites and the nature and habits of their infective stage important?

A

To understand the parasite control programs

156
Q

What is pruritus ani?

A

Itching of the anus

157
Q

In what part of the horse do ascarid larvae do the most damage?

A

Liver and lungs

158
Q

How many species of pinworms are there that infect the horse?

A

2

159
Q

How often should a horse be dewormed?

A

6 times per year (every 2 months)

160
Q

Which female parasite travels through the horse’s intestines to lay its eggs on the horse’s anus?

A

Pinworm

161
Q

What are the 8-legged nuisances that live on or in the epidermis and cause a form of dermatitis?

A

Mange mites

162
Q

Why must adult bot flies use stored energy to mate and lay their eggs?

A

They have no mouthparts with which to eat anything

163
Q

Where do the larvae of ascarids do the most damage?

A

Liver and lungs

164
Q

Which stage of development of the bot is found in the stomach?

A

Larvae

165
Q

What are anthelmintics?

A

Deworming remedies

166
Q

Doubling the does of pyrimidines has been effective in controlling which internal parasite?

A

Tape worm

167
Q

What are the larvae of Gasterophilus called?

A

Bots

168
Q

Name 2 general types of internal parasites that are usually found in the intestines.

A

Ascarids and strongyles

169
Q

Mature tape worms first occur in what 2 ages of horses?

A

Weanlings and yearlings

170
Q

How are lice usually transmitted?

A

By direct contact with other lice infected horses

171
Q

Where does the Gasterophilus intestinalis deposit its eggs?

A

On the hairs of the forelimbs and shoulders of the horse

172
Q

What are the 3 species of bots that deposit their eggs on the hair of the horse?

A

Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gasterophilus nasalis, Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis

173
Q

What do face flies feed on?

A

Secretions of eyes, nostrils, and mouth of horse

174
Q

What is the purpose of screening or dragging your pastures to spread out manure piles?

A

To reduce parasites

175
Q

Mange mites are distant cousins to what other insect?

A

Spiders

176
Q

How many legs do mange mites have?

A

8

177
Q

What is the purpose of anthelmintic medications?

A

Dewormers used to prevent environmental contamination by reducing adults that produce eggs

178
Q

Where do face flies lay their eggs?

A

Cow manure

179
Q

What is the primary cause of Foal Heat Diarrhea?

A

Parasite, strongyloides westeri (threadworms)

180
Q

What causes summer sores on horses?

A

Stomach worms

181
Q

Name 5 breeds of flies that annoy the horse.

A

House, bot, horse, stable, and horn

182
Q

Name the external parasite of the horse that is a distant cousin to the spider and that causes mange.

A

Mange mites

183
Q

Mosquitos commonly feed on horses at what time of day?

A

At dusk

184
Q

Tapeworms infect horses through what intermediary host?

A

Mites

185
Q

What are 4 criteria for successful fly control?

A

Eliminate breeding material, control moisture, mechanical control, use of insecticides

186
Q

How do horses get tapeworms?

A

By ingesting free-living mites in pasture

187
Q

Name 2 places where stomach worms are found.

A

Stomach and injured skin (summer sores)

188
Q

Name the deworming drug that requires the most caution in use due to its toxicity.

A

Organophosphates

189
Q

What is the scientific name for the small, almost invisible pinworm?

A

Probstmyria vivipara

190
Q

Vesicular stomatitis affects what part of the horse?

A

Mouth

191
Q

Name 3 practices of a good internal parasite control program.

A

Deworm every 2 months, rotate deworming drugs, worm all horses on premises, take fecal examinations, frequent removal of manure, rotation of pastures

192
Q

Which type of insecticide spray used in the control of lice is preferred?

A

Wettable powders because they can be more sensitive to skin burns

193
Q

What are cyathostomes?

A

Small strongyles

194
Q

Where does the ascarid larvae migrate to, after they burrow into the wall of the horse’s intestines?

A

Into the veins of the circulatory system

195
Q

After being swallowed by the horse, where do bot larvae attach themselves?

A

To the stomach walls

196
Q

What blood vessel is damaged by Strongylus vulgaris?

A

Anterior mesenteric artery

197
Q

The I Dammini tick species is a primary vector that causes which disease?

A

Lyme disease

198
Q

At what time of day do mosquitos commonly feed on horses?

A

At dusk

199
Q

What species of parasite can cause a weakening and bulging of the arterial wall, known as an aneurysm?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

200
Q

Which parasite’s eggs can survive freezing winters but are killed by hot, dry summer conditions?

A

Strongyles

201
Q

What is the most dangerous class of dewormers?

A

Organophosphates

202
Q

Name the least safe dewormer in regards to toxicosis in horses.

A

Organophosphates

203
Q

What is the recommended age for a foal to be dewormed for strongyles and ascarids?

A

At 60 days of age (2 months)

204
Q

The larvae of which internal parasite often appears in the mare’s milk soon after foaling and is commonly the first parasite encountered by the foal?

A

Threadworms (strongyloides westeri)

205
Q

What is the only parasite that infects both horses and ruminants?

A

Trichostrongylus axei

206
Q

What is the largest class of dewormers?

A

Benzimidazoles

207
Q

Which parasite is the most significant and the most common of all equine internal parasites?

A

Strongyles (blood worms)

208
Q

What dewormer has shown the most parasite resistance in horses?

A

Benzimidazoles

209
Q

What is an ‘obligate parasite’?

A

Parasite that cannot survive away from the host animal

210
Q

Name 2 internal parasites that contaminate their stalls with sticky eggs.

A

Ascarids and pinworms

211
Q

Name 2 areas on the horse’s body that are affected by the psoroptic mange mites.

A

Beneath forelock, beneath mane, at base of tail

212
Q

All nematodes undergo a series of 4 molts, name them.

A

Lethargus (resting stage), metamorphosis (restructuring), ecdysis (casting of old larval skin), and emergence of new worm

213
Q

Describe what is happening during each of the following molts of the nematode, lethargus, metamorphosis, ecdysis

A

Lethargus-resting stage, metamorphosis-restructuring, ecdysis-casting of old larval skin

214
Q

What is the scientific names for the 3 bot flies and where does each on lay their eggs?

A

Gasterophilus nasalis-eggs on hair in the space between the jawbones, Gasterophilus intestinalis-eggs on the horse’s forelimbs and shoulders, Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis-eggs on short hairs around horse’s lips

KC SHB Questions (18 decks)

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