SHB Category: I, Diseases Flashcards
Pages 295-381 LEFT OFF PAGE 326
What is acute abdominal pain characterized by restlessness?
Colic
What is the term for a defect in form or function that interferes with the usefulness of the horse?
Unsoundness
What does the Coggins test determine?
If the horse is a carrier of equine infectious anemia (swamp fever)
Stringhalt is most easily detected by what simple test?
Backing or sharply turning the horse
What condition is a general term used to describe a variety of digestive disorders?
Colic
What is the general term that indicates abdominal pain in horses?
Colic
What is the most noticeable symptom of strangles?
Swelling of the lymph nodes
What term means to give an animal (usually by injection) protection or immunity from a specific disease?
Vaccinate
What is more critical: Heat exhaustion or heat stroke?
Heat stroke
What condition is caused by an anaerobic organism that causes necrosis of the tissue of the frog and a foul, blackish discharge?
Thrush
What is colic?
General term indicating abdominal pain
What is the general term indicating abdominal pain?
Colic
Heaves are caused by the inability to do what during the respiratory process?
Exhale or move air out of the lungs
What is another term for founder?
Laminitis
What do the letters EVR stand for?
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
What is another name for lockjaw?
Tetanus
What term refers to defects in form or function that interfere with the usefulness of the horse?
Unsoundness
What is the most common medical emergency in horses?
Colic
What part of the horse becomes inflamed when founder attacks?
Laminae
What is an acquired physical defect that does not interfere with the usefulness of the horse but may diminish its value?
Blemish
Prolapse of the third eyelid is a characteristic of what equine disease?
Tetanus
Name the condition that is the most common cause of acute pain in the horse’s abdomen.
Colic
What is a split in the quarter area of the hoof wall?
Quarter crack
What term is not a disease in itself but is clinical signs and symptoms of abdominal pain?
Colic
Name 4 of the internal parts of the horse that are affected and damaged by the EIA virus.
Kidneys, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, brain
Describe 6 symptoms of a horse in shock.
Apathy, prostration, rapid breathing, cool skin, low/falling blood pressure, subnormal temperature, sweating, rapid-shallow pulse, pale or blue mucous membranes
In reference to wound care, name 4 purposes of a bandage.
Immobilize wound to aid healing, keep wound clean, protect from infection, keep medicine on/in wound, protect from further trauma, reduce swelling, control hemorrhage
What is the more common term for borreliosis?
Lyme disease
What virus causes rhinopneumonitis?
Herpes
WHat type of colic is a blockage of the internal tract with normal ingesta or with foreign material?
Impaction colic
Where do most snakebites occur on horses and why?
On their heads because they are so curious
What is the visual symptom of exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage?
Epistaxis
What is a lower respiratory infection located in the bronchi?
Bronchitis
Which teeth are most commonly infected?
Premolars and first molars
Name the organ in the horse’s body that is affected by heaves.
Lungs
What genetic disease results from a failure to produce blood clotting factor causing bleeding into joints and the development of hematomas?
Hemophilia A
What is pathogenicity?
Proportion of animals exposed to a virus that will develop the disease
What is a chronic, purulent, deep-seated inflammatory swelling of the lateral cartilage?
Quittor
What type of colic is caused by a loop intestine becoming entrapped within a normal or abnormal structure within the abdominal cavity?
Incarceration colic
Which genetic disease results from a failure to form certain types of nerves in the intestinal tract causing foals to die of colic within several days after birth?
Lethal white foal syndrome
What type of Equine Encephalomyelitis has the lowest mortality rate?
Western
What is grating movement such as would occur in broken bones?
Crepitation
Which viral respiratory disease in horses can also cause abortion?
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
What term describes accumulation of fluid within compartments of the brain, resulting in crushing of normal brain tissue?
Hydrocephalus
What are the 2 types of equid herpes virus associated with rhinopneumonitis?
Equid herpes virus 1 and 4
What term describes openings in the body wall at the naval that does not close normally, resulting in the presence of a sack into which intestines may fall?
Umbilical hemia
In bleeders, where does the blood originate?
Lungs
What is the scientific name for overheating?
Hyperthermia
What piece of equipment is used in preventing capped elbow?
Doughnut
What are 2 abnormalities of the jawbone?
Parrot mouth (overshot jaw) and Monkey mouth (undershot jaw)
What is the normal capillary refill time?
2 seconds or less
What type of colic is similar to simple indigestion in people?
Spasmodic colic
WHat is the most common cause of abdominal pain?
Parasite obstruction
During what time of the year do most cases of Potomac Horse Fever occur?
Summer (July, August, and early September)
What is the most common example of incarceration colic?
Strangulating hernia
Name 2 causes of a shoe boil.
Injury from heel calk and injury from contact with the floor
What is usually the mildest and most common type of colic?
Spasmodic colic (Although it can be severe)
What term describes an inflammation of bone?
Osteitis
What is the cause of the most complicated and life threatening form of colic?
Ingestion of excessive grains which distends the stomach
What is a degenerative condition of the frog?
Thrush
What term describes a cloudiness of the lens of the eye resulting in blindness?
Cataracts
What condition is a dysfunction or partial paralysis of the larynx such that it does not open completely when the horse inspires?
Laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring)
What is the most common term for metastatic abscessation, which occurs in the lungs, mesentery, liver, spleen, and kidneys and is a complication of strangles?
Bastard strangles
What disease is caused by a virus closely related to the human immunodeficiency virus and is characterized by fever, anemia, jaundice, depression, edema, and chronic weight loss?
EIA (equine infectious anemia)
What is another name for lyme disease in horses?
Borreliosis
What is a condition that affects some of the offspring produced by mating 2 overo paint horses?
Lethal white foal syndrome
WHy shouldn’t a collicky horse that is having trouble urinating be given a diuretic?
Could cause dehydration
Heaves develop gradually and the clinical signs are most commonly seen in horses of what ages?
5 years and older
WHat is the only breed to have CID (Combined immunodeficiency)
Arabians
What term is used to grade the severity of lameness in horses?
Obel grade
What is another name for hives?
Uticaria
A pounding digital pulse, warm feet, ‘camped in front’ stance and an abnormal gait are all signs of what problem?
Founder (laminitis)
What are the 2 distinct types of equine influenza A viruses?
A Equine 1 and A Equine 2
WHat term describes a disturbance in the circulation and bond of sensitive laminae to the hoof and is usually caused by gastrointestinal disturbances?
Laminitis (Founder)
What is a protrusion of a piece of the intestines into the scrotum?
Scrotal hernia
WHat are radiographs?
X-rays
What is inflammation of structures of a joint?
Arthritis
WHen you are taking the vital signs of a horse, what does TRP refer to?
Temperature, pulse, and respiration
What is dourine?
Venereal disease of the horse
WHat is an acute and progressive failure of the peripheral circulation to the outer limbs of the body?
Shock
WHat is a dynamic process in which the body responds to a sublethal injury by trying to destroy, dilute, or wall of an irritation agent?
Inflammation
What are the white spots called that occur in the inner surface of the external ear?
Aural placques
In what breed is Equine Night Blindness most predominant?
Appaloosa
What is the disease of Quarter horses that is characterized by intermittent attacks of muscle weakness, disorientation, tremors, and convulsion?
HYPP (Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis)
A skin pinch test and capillary refill time of 10 seconds is an indication of what problem?
Dehydration
What happens when the lacrimal duct is plugged?
Tears from the horse’s eye pour onto the face
What condition can be alleviated by resting the animal, providing fresh air, and eliminating dust?
Heaves (COPD)
What breed is usually affected by Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis?
Quarter horse
What term describes a disease of a muscle?
Myopathy
Which one of the 2 bones of the forearm is most likely to break?
Ulna
What is the test used to detect equine infectious anemia?
Coggins
What is unusually high levels of fat in the blood?
Hyperlipemia
What are the 2 types of laminitis?
Acute and chronic
Which condition is similar to a severe blood blister under a human fingernail?
Laminitis
What deformity is an accumulation of fluids in the brain resulting in the crushing of the brain tissue?
Hydrocephalus
What genetic disorder is a cloudiness of the lens of the eye, resulting in blindness?
Cataracts
Name the most severe and the least severe diseases affecting the hoof.
Least severe-thrush
Most severe-Laminitis
WHere on the body to papillomas usually occur?
Nose and lips
What is an infectious disease of the nervous system caused by the toxin clostridium tetani?
Tetanus
What is another name for blind staggers?
Selenium poisoning
What is a pus pocket or an infection of the sensitive structures of the foot?
Abscess
What is a specific type of sole bruises in the heel area of the foot>
Corns
What does EVA stand for?
Equine Viral Arteritis
What causes a dropped sole?
Downward rotation of the coffin bone
What does DOD stand for?
Developmental Orthopedic Disease
What is a destruction of the frog by anaerobic bacteria and usually has a foul smell and black discharge?
Thrush
Incised wounds, lacerations, tears, punctures, penetrating wounds, and abrasions can all be classified as what?
Open wounds
What are the 2 types of poultices, and when do you use them?
Hot poultice-either to increase blood supply, draw out an infection, or encourage an abscess to open.
Cold poultice-decrease inflammation
What does the bacteria, Streptococcus Equi, cause?
Strangles (distemper)
What problem is compared to nail or bone bruises in humans?
Sole bruises
What disease is often compared to athletes foot in humans?
Thrush
What is another name for a tumor?
Neoplasm
Melanomas are most common in horses of what color?
Gray, by age 15 almost all gray horses have a melanoma
A skin pliability test is used to check for what?
Dehydration
What is another name for ringworm?
Girth itch
WHat is another name for heaves?
Chronic alveolar emphysema
What term describes a failure to produce blood clotting factor, bleeding into joints, and the development of hematomas?
Hemophilia A
WHat term describes the defect in movement of sodium and potassium in and out of muscle, causing the animal to have intermittent attacks of muscle weakness, tremors, and collapse?
HYPP (Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis)
How long can a horse be infected with EIA or swamp fever?
Rest of its life
Name the horse disease that can be detected in seemingly healthy horses by giving them a coggins test.
Equine Infectious Anemia
Wat is the laboratory blood test for the presence of antibodies against the Equine Infectious Anemia virus?
Coggins test
HYPP is a genetic disease of the Quarter horse in which there is a defect prohibiting what 2 things from moving in and out of the muscles correctly?
Sodium and potassium
What disorder is considered to be a wound disease?
Tetanus
What term describes a preventative injection of bacteria or viruses that have been modified or inactivated to protect the horse against certain diseases?
Vaccination
What is the condition where the frog is narrow and shrunken and the heels of the foot are pulled together?
Contracted heels
Give 2 examples of why you would use a hot poultice.
To increase blood supply to an injured area, to draw out infection from an abscess or puncture wound
In which condition does cerebrospinal fluid accumulate, causing the foal’s head to enlarge before birth?
Hydrocephalus
Name the most common lameness in horses.
Laminitis (founder)
Name the disease caused by streptococcus equi.
Strangles (distemper)
Name the genetic disease of foals caused by a deficiency of B and T lymphocytes.
Combined immunodeficiency syndrome
Where is the inflammation when a horse has pleurisy?
In the membranes surrounding the lungs
What is the term fro the examination performed on sale horses by the buyer’s veterinarian prior to the sale’s final approval?
Pre-purchase exam
Describe a thoroughpin.
Soft, fluid filled enlargement in the hollow on the outside of the hock. It can be pushed freely from the outside to the inside.
The salivary glands can become the site for an acute contagious bacterial infection called what?
Strangles (distemper)
What is an enlarged dorsal swelling of the tarsocrural joint capsule?
Bog spavin
What is the swelling of the subcutaneous bursa over the calcaneal tuber caused by repeated blows such as those from kicks against a trailer tailgate?
Capped hocks
What causes Potomac Horse Fever?
Rickettsia Ehrlichia
Name 2 of the most common problems concerning a newborn foal’s bowel movements.
Constipation and diarrhea.
Horses that are shown or mixed with other horses during the year should be given at least what 5 vaccinations?
Eastern and Western encephalomyelitis, tetanus, influenza, rhinopneumonitis, potomac horse fever
Septicemia in the foal is often caused by bacteria entering the blood stream. What is the common route of the infection?
Umbilical cord
What is enteritis?
Inflammation of the intestines
If a veterinarian said that your horse has scratches, what area would be affected?
Fetlock and/or heel area
Tetanus is caused by what bacteria?
Clostridium tetani
Equine encephalomyelitis is caused by what insect?
Mosquito
Strangles usually affects a horse between what ages?
1-5 years
What is a venereal disease that is characterized by pus or fluid coming from the uterus?
Contagious equine metritis
What is excessive breathing noise during exercise caused by upper airway obstruction?
Roaring
What is the most common vector for transmission of equine encephalomyelitis?
Mosquitos
What problem would be suspected if your horse’s back cannon area was sore to the touch, hot, swelling, and had a tendency to flex in the knee in order to raise the heel and relieve pressure?
Bowed tendon
What is the term used when EVR (equine rhinopneumonitis) causes a high percentage of mares on one farm to abort?
Abortion storm
Name the bacterial disease that may cause abscessed lymph nodes under the lower jaw and in the throatlatch region.
Strangles (distemper)
What is the destruction of the frog by anaerobic bacteria called?
Thrush
Selenium deficiency can cause muscles to become very pale in young foals. This disease is called what?
White muscle disease (muscular dystrophy)
Which type of colic is considered to be the mildest and most common?
Spasmodic
What is another term for grease heel?
Scratches
Where would you find osselets?
Fetlock joint
What is bradycardia?
Slower than normal heart beat
What is an acute upper respiratory tract infection caused by a specific herpes virus that may cause abortions and all ages of horses are susceptible?
Equine Viral Arteritis
How do horses get rabies?
Bitten by infected rabid wildlife
What is an inflammation of the distal intertarsal, tarsometatarsal, and sometimes the proximal intertarsal joints and the surrounding bone, resulting in excess bone formation?
Bone spavin
Classifications of ringbone depend on the location of the new bone growth. What are the 2 classifications?
High and low
Any injury to the navicular bone of the front foot is called what?
Navicular disease
What is an incomplete development of an organ so that it fails to reach adult size?
Hypoplasia
What condition is characterized by sudden, brief attacks of sleep?
Narcolepsy
What is a bone enlargement or destruction to the inner surface of the hock?
Bone spavin
What disorder results from an infection by Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi protozoa that causes inflammation of the brain and spinal cord and can be traced to the opossum?
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)
What do the initials, NSAID stand for?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
When referring to the process of a disease, what does ‘acute’ mean?
Symptoms appear quite suddenly
What is the trade-name for flunixin meglumine?
Banamine
A horse with chronic founder may not show pain, but how will it move?
In a heel to toe step
If your horse gets cut on a sharp metal object, what type of wound would this most likely be?
Incision
Name the breed that is most affected by CIDS.
Arabian
What is an inflammation of the epiphyseal cartilage plate of the long bones?
Epiphysitis
What is an atrophy of the muscles in the shoulder due to paralysis of the suprascapular nerve?
Sweeney
What is the technical term for heaves?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What problem can cause a horse to shorten his stride, go up on his toes, have increased tendency to stumble, and results from any injury to the distal sesamoid bones?
Navicular disease
What is ‘Big Head’ disease caused by?
Excessive phosphorous and low levels of calcium
Name the unsoundness that is manifested by a chronic, purulent, inflammatory swelling of the lateral cartilage resulting in sub-coronary abscesses.
Quittor
What is an artificially produced drug which is similar to the natural hormone that controls inflammation?
Steroid
What is any inflammation of the periosteum?
Periostitis
What is any inflammation or swelling of the soft tissue of the hock?
Bog spavin
Name a disease of the horse’s foot, characterized by a putrid dark or black discharge.
Thrush
How is the rabies virus transmitted to humans and horses?
Through the saliva when bitten by an infected animal
What is the progressive degeneration of the navicular bone?
Navicular disease
What ligament attaches to the back of the cannon bone just below the knee, travels downward, and splits above the sesamoid bones with each part connecting to a sesamoid bone?
Suspensory ligament
Name the organ whose disorder causes a jaundice appearance.
Liver
What is a blood disorder caused when toxic oxidants, such as those contained in onions or red maple leaves, damage the body’s red blood cells, producing microscopic round granules known as Heinz bodies?
Heinz body anemia
What is bleeding into the angle of the sole of the hoof or adjacent white line in response to chronic pressure or shearing force?
Corn
What is another name for popped knee?
Carpitis
What is any agent that increases urine production?
Diuretic
What is a diagnostic test that involves draining fluid from the abdominal area using a hypodermic needle?
Belly tap
What is usually fatal food poisoning from contaminated feed or water characterized by paralysis that begins with the muscles of swallowing?
Botulism
What is high frequency sound waves used to break down unwanted tissue and promote healing by stimulating circulation and aid in accurate diagnosis?
Ultrasound
What is a type of antibody found in blood, colostrum, and most secretions and is an important part of the body’s immune mechanism?
Immunoglobulin
What is a shortage of red blood cells, commonly caused by excessive bleeding, infection, dietary deficiency, or presence of toxins in the body?
Anemia
What is a flexible tube inserted into a body opening to remove or administer fluids?
Catheter
What is Xylazine used for?
Sedative/analgesic widely used to calm horses
What is a defect in form or function that interferes with the usefulness of a horse?
Unsoundness
Where is septicemia frequently located?
In the joints
What term describes an inflammation of the stifle joint?
Goritis
Sidebones are more common in what type of horses?
Draft breeds
Side bones are more common in horses that have what conformation defects?
Toe in or out
A deficiency of what 2 lymphocytes has been found in some Arabian foals and causes death from Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome?
B and T Lymphocytes
In what area of the horse wold goritis occur?
Stifle
What is the condition called when the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw?
Parrot mouth or overshot jaw
What is the more common term for laryngeal hemiplegia?
Roaring
What is epiphysitis?
Inflammation of the epiphyseal cartilage plate (growth plates) of the long bones
What is another name for foal septicemia?
Naval ill
What is the usual cause of Sweeney?
Usually caused by a direct injury to the point of shoulder & subsequent damage to the nerve
What is a heredity defect in the clotting mechanism of the blood called?
Hemophilia
What is a partial or complete esophageal obstruction?
Choke
What is another term for nosebleed?
Epistaxis
Inadequate amounts of iron in the diet can result in which condition?
Anemia
What does the suffix “oma” refer to?
Tumor or neoplasm
What is a therapeutic shoe in which the heels are joined by a bar, allowing greater pressure on the bar & frog of the foot?
Bar shoe
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EVR) is caused by what type of virus?
Herpes virus
Swelling under the skin caused by leakage of blood from damaged vessels are called what?
Hematoma
What 3 vaccines should you give performance horses annually?
Tetanus, encephalomyelitis & rabies
What type of wound has clean straight edges & often bleeds quite freely?
Incised wound (Incision)
Name 2 types of wounds that have torn rather than cut edges, may be irregular in shape & may have some associated bruising.
Laceration & tears
What is thrush compared to in humans?
Athlete’s foot
What type of wound is characterized by a small skin opening with soft-tissue penetration to a variable depth?
Puncture wound
What type of wound enters into one of the body cavities, such as the thorax or abdomen, are
very serious & may or may not injure internal organs?
Penetrating wound
What type of wound is a very superficial skin wound resulting from rubbing or scraping
against an irritant surface?
Abrasion
In treating a wound, what is the first step to be taken?
Stop the bleeding
What type of wound is characterized by swelling, heat & pain at the site of injury &
discolorations of the overlying skin?
Contusion
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A horse suffering from acute laminitis will have a pounding pulse, where can this be felt?
Over the fetlock joint in the digital artery
What is the name given to pain in the area of the navicular bone & may involve inflammation
of the navicular bursa, ligament sprains, cartilage or tendon destruction & bone changes?
Navicular disease
What is a disturbance in the circulation & bond of the sensitive laminae of the bone to the
horny laminae of the hoof?
Founder or laminitis
If a horse becomes ill with a potentially contagious disease, it should be promptly isolated
from the remainder of the herd for how long?
At least 10 days beyond complete recovery
What disease is caused by a spore-forming, toxin-producing bacterium which is present in
the intestinal tract & feces of humans, horses & other animals & is abundant in the soil on all horse facilities?
Tetanus
What is an infrequently encountered neurologic disease of horses which results when horses
are bitten by infected wildlife?
Rabies
Where on the horse are most bites located that are caused by rabid animals?
Muzzle, face & lower legs
Potomac Horse Fever is a seasonal disease, with most cases occurring in which months of
the year?
July, August & September
The ‘golden period’ for the elapsed time from injury to closure by suturing is generally
considered to be how long?
About 6 hours
What is an infection that penetrates the white line of the sole & travels under the hoof wall
between the sensitive & insensitive laminae until it abscesses at the coronet?
Gravel
What is the roll placed around the horse’s pastern to prevent capped elbow or shoe boils?
Doughnut
What are the 2 most dangerous locations for wounds in regards to hemorrhage control?
Lower part of neck (jugular vein & carotid artery), & sides of the pastern (digital arteries)
What is a condition where the hoof wall separates at the toe?
Seedy toe
Where would you find conjunctivitis?
In the eye
What is the most common cause of colic?
Parasites
Calcification of the lateral cartilages of the third phalanx or coffin bone is called what?
Sidebones
What is the term for a soft, fluid-filled enlargement in the hollow on the outside of the hock?
Thoroughpin
What is the medical term for inflammation of the pedal (coffin) bone?
Pedal osteitis
What is conjunctivitis?
An irritation of the eye
What are the 3 types of encephalomyelitis?
Eastern, Western & Venezuelan
What condition is caused by an incompatibility of blood groups between a mare & foal?
Neonatal isoerthryolsis (jaundice foal, isohemolytic icterus or NI)
What are fecaliths?
Balls of ingesta containing a small unnatural object (rock hard mineral accumulations in the
horse’s gut)
What is another name for an intravascular clot?
Thrombus
