Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KC SHB Questions > SHB Category: B, Reproduction > Flashcards

SHB Category: B, Reproduction Flashcards

Left off with question #555 on page 77 Pages 39-91

1
Q

When a stallion extends his neck upward and curls his upper lip during the teasing process, what is the action called?

A

Flehman reflex or olfactory reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What term describes a mare that is not pregnant and was not bred in the previous or current season?

A

Open mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A colt is considered a cryptorchid if its testes have not descended by what age?

A

15 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the designated sex chromosomes of the stallion and the mare?

A

Stallion-XY, Mare-XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common cause of abnormal sexual behavior leading to infertility?

A

Mismanagement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the term for a mare that is not pregnant but was bred in the previous or current season?

A

Barren mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the term for a mare that is nursing a foal?

A

Wet mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What injection should be given to the mare and foal after parturition?

A

Tetanus antitoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What term describes a mare that has never been bred?

A

Maiden mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What controls the expression of traits of the horse and are located on chromosomes?

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long does an ovum live after ovulation if pregnancy does not occur?

A

12-24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the recommended age to wean foals?

A

4-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the expulsion of the fetus prior to 300 days of gestation?

A

Abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the length of the average gestation period?

A

335-340 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At what age does the mare’s reproductive abilities start to decrease?

A

After 16 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the initial step in breeding a mare?

A

Restraining the mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is the optimal time to breed a mare?

A

Just before ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the first thing that should be done when a foal is first born?

A

Check if it’s breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why should straw be used in a foaling stall?

A

Shavings and similar materials will stick to the wet nostrils of a newborn foal and may suffocate it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the best test of a breeding animal?

A

Type of offspring it produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most mares should be kept in a box stall for how long prior to foaling?

A

1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The rupture of the follicle refers to what?

A

Ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What term describes the techniques of estrus detection?

A

Teasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long does estrus period usually last in a mare?

A

5-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The age of puberty in stallions is what?

A

11 1/2 months to 16 3/4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the first defecation of a foal following parturition?

A

Meconium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is another name for the prepuce?

A

Sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the first heat period following parturition called?

A

Foal heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the relationship of 2 fillies that have the same sire and dam

A

Full sisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is foal heat?

A

First heat period following foaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the most difficult part of parturition?

A

Passage of the shoulders of the foal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Name 3 primary types of gene actions that affect the horse’s traits

A

Dominance, co-dominance, partial dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the simplest method of bringing a mare into estrus prior to the natural breeding season?

A

Artificial lighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which inherited lethal was originally called the Fredericksborg Lethal?

A

Lethal White gene, W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the term for characteristics that ultimately result in death?

A

Delayed lethals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Horses have 33 different chromosome strings, the X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes, what are the other ones called?

A

Autosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which gene is responsible for mottled, varnish roan, blanket with spots, blankets, frost, leopard, and a few leopard spots in horses?

A

Leopard gene, Lp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why are all roan colored horses heterozygous Rnrn?

A

All homozygous roan horses die in early fetal development and are never born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the term for a condition that results in embryonic death?

A

True lethal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the external opening to the mare’s reproductive canal?

A

Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Name a breed of horse that is homozygous for the Dn gene.

A

Fjord horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a synthetic progestin compound that does not interact with the mare’s natural progesterone and is used to regulate estrus early in the breeding season?

A

Regumate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The foal should be assisted up and guided to the mare’s udder if the foal is not nursing in what amount of time?

A

2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What color are the foal’s hooves at birth?

A

Cream or White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The foal can only absorb the antibodies in the colostrum for how long?

A

36 hours after birth?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is usually applied to the naval stump to cause closure of the urachus?

A

Silver nitrate or it is sutured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the name of the hormone that signals the start of the reproductive season?

A

Gonadotropic releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Stallion spermatozoa do not move in the twisting progression like other sperm, how does it move?

A

In straight lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is it called when organs or tissue project through an abdominal opening and usually occur in the naval or scrotum area?

A

Hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What kind of bedding is preferred for a foaling stall?

A

Straw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Which hormone stimulates the growth of follicles?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is a major site for bacterial invasion into the newborn foal’s body that should be treated with an iodine solution to prevent infection?

A

Naval stump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Most traits in horse are influenced by what type of gene action?

A

Quantitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

If there is an orphan foal, what can be put over the foal to disguise its odor, so another mare will let it suckle?

A

Oil of Linseed or Whiskey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the accessory sex glands of the stallion?

A

Seminal vesicals (vesticular glands), Bulbourethral (cowper’s gland) and prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

The 2 basic types of gene actions are quantitative and qualitative, which is most common?

A

Most traits in horses are influenced by quantitative gene actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What type of genetic action is when many genes have an effect on the same trait and they are added together to produce that trait in a horse such as speed?

A

Quantitative gene action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are the accessory sex glands of the stallion?

A

Seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland (cowper’s gland), prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Name the 2 types of genetic hernias

A

Umbilical and inguinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are the gonads?

A

Ovaries and testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What phase of the estrous cycle occurs when the mare’s attitude towards the stallion varies from non-interest to complete resentment?

A

Diestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the term for characteristics that predispose an animal to disease conditions because of environmental factors, but do not in themselves cause disease?

A

Partial lethal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is the powerful middle layer of the uterus that is responsible for contractions which expel the foal at birth?

A

Myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Where is the site of spermatogenesis and production of testosterone?

A

Testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Which genetic lethal can be traced to the Percheron stallion, Superb, that causes death as a result of the failure to elimante feces?

A

Atresia coli (severed large intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the main body of the penis called?

A

Shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the term for the secretions of the testes, epididymis and accessory glands mixed with spermatozoa?

A

Semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the name of the enlarged pre-ovulatory follicle?

A

Graafian follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What are the 2 classifications of abortions?

A

Infectious and non-infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What type of genetic action is when a particular trait is influenced by a single pair of genes or maybe 2 or 3 pairs of genes such as the dilution of bay to buckskin?

A

Qualitative gene action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Blood type is an example of which gene action?

A

Co-dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

How long does the stallion semen last in the mare’s reproductive tract after ejaculation?

A

Usually 48 hours but can last up to 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is the more common term for the rupture of the chorio-allantoic membrane during pregnancy?

A

Breaking of the water bag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is the 6-8 inch long muscular mucous membrane-lined tube which communicates the vestibule of the vulva to the cervix?

A

Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Name the wedge-shaped area of the ovary from which ova are shed.

A

Ovulation fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is the mare called that carries a fertilized egg to term that was removed from another mare?

A

Recipient mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

How long will sperm survive?

A

24-30 hours after ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

How may bacteria enter the foal’s blood system?

A

Via the umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What hormone causes receptive behavior patterns observed in mares during heat and acts to prepare the uterus for receiving the embryo?

A

Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What is the name of an enlarged preovulatory follicle

A

Graafian follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

How soon after ovulation can pregnancy be diagnosed by ultrasound?

A

11-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What phase of the mare’s estrus cycle comes after she ovulates?

A

Diestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What is the gene for roaning?

A

RN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What term describes nonidentical genes that are located at the same physical position on a chromosome?

A

Alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Name the substance in colostrum that is very important to the health of newborn foals.

A

Antibodies or immunoglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Why would you put a stallion under artificial light?

A

Increase testicular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

At what time do most mares foal?

A

Between 7 PM and 7 AM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Which of the pinto patterns is considered to be dominant?

A

Tobiano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Milk production varies greatly among mares but peak lactation might be expected when?

A

8-12 weeks after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What reproductive hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to environmental cues such as day length?

A

Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Name the 2 basic methods of collecting the embryo from the donor mare and transferring it to the recipient mare.

A

Surgical and non-surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

In the stallion, the hormone FSH exerts its effect on which cells?

A

Serloli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Spermatogenesis is made up of a series of events leading to the release of spermatozoa. How many days are required for these events to occur?

A

57 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

What does the word genotype mean?

A

Genetic make-up of an animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

What does the word phenotype mean?

A

The outward appearance of the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

What is the hormone necessary for normal sexual behavior and function in the stallions?

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Peak lactation in a nursing mare usually occurs when?

A

8-12 weeks after parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

What term describes any foaling problem that prevents delivery of foal by the mare’s efforts alone?

A

Dystocia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Colts are usually carried about how much longer than fillies during gestation?

A

2-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

On which chromosome does the gene for hemophilia ride?

A

X chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

What acts as a physical barrier between the vagina and the uterus?

A

Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

What phase of the estrous cycle occurs when the mare’s attitude toward the stallion varies from noninterest to complete resentment?

A

Diestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

How long can semen be stored in a refrigerator prior to its use for AI?

A

Up to 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

What hormone is responsible for milk let down and contractions during parturition?

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

How often can a stallion’s semen be collected without interfering with the stallion’s ability to produce sperm?

A

Up to 3 times daily for short periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

What is dystocia?

A

Any foaling problem that prevents delivery of the foal by the mare’s efforts alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

How many chromosomes do horses have?

A

64 or 32 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Brood mares can be protected against rhinopneumonitis by immunization with an inactivated vaccine during which months of pregnancy?

A

Third, fifth, seventh, and ninth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Urine on the naval stump due to the failure of the urachus to close is called what?

A

Previous or persistent urachus

110
Q

Lack of treatment or presence of urine on the naval stump may lead to infection, which can in turn lead to what problem?

A

Naval ill

111
Q

Define the term seasonally polyestrus

A

Reproductive habits of the mare in which she undergoes multiple estrous cycles only during a circumscribed portion of the year

112
Q

What is it called when there is a transfer of an embryo from one female to another which carries it to term?

A

Embryo transfer

113
Q

What is the mare called that has a fertilized egg removed from her and placed in another mare?

A

Donor mare

114
Q

The genetic material is located within what cell structure?

A

Nucleus

115
Q

What is the ability to pass on characteristics and qualities to offspring?

A

Prepotency of genes

116
Q

What is the production of spermatozoa called?

A

Spermatogenesis

117
Q

What is the study of hormones and their effects?

A

Endocrinology

118
Q

The lethal problem called white foal syndrome will occur when breeding parents of what color together?

A

2 overo colored parents

119
Q

What condition does the Caslick operation prevent?

A

Pneumovagina (windsucking)

120
Q

What is the length of the gestation period for the American Miniature Horse?

A

11 months

121
Q

Why would oil of linseed or whiskey be poured over an orphan foal?

A

To disguise foal’s odor so another mare will let it nurse

122
Q

Why don’t females suffer from X-linked hereditary disease?

A

Females have to be homozygous for trait to suffer from it and would have to receive abnormal gene from both parents. Most affected males do not live to reproductive age and therefore do not sire foals.

123
Q

What is the term used when EVR causes a high percentage of mares on one farm to abort?

A

Abortion storm

124
Q

What is the major advantage of artificial insemination?

A

More mare per season can be bred

125
Q

What is the tube that extends from the tail of the epididymis to the urethra?

A

Vas Deferens

126
Q

When do ‘wax beads’ appear on the teats of a mare?

A

A few hours to 2-4 days before foaling

127
Q

Which pinto pattern is associated with the lethal white foal syndrome?

A

Overo

128
Q

What is a cryptorchid?

A

Animal with one or both testes undescended into the scrotum

129
Q

What are the 2 parts of the uterus?

A

Hom and body

130
Q

What types of chromosomes are the X and Y chromosomes?

A

Sex chromosomes

131
Q

What happens to the offspring of roans and white horses whose genetic pattern is homozygous?

A

They die in early fetal development

132
Q

What is the initial step in an embryo transfer?

A

Synchronizing the ovulations of donor and recipient mare

133
Q

Why are all white horses heterozygous?

A

Because white homozygotes die early in development

134
Q

What is a common cause of death in older pregnant mares?

A

Uterine arterial hemorrhage

135
Q

What is mastitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the udder

136
Q

What is another name for convulsive syndrome?

A

Barker, dummies or wanderers

137
Q

When is a mare usually anestrus?

A

In winter/during shorter daylight hours

138
Q

The short estrus period soon after foaling is called what?

A

Foal heat

139
Q

Describe 2 methods of estrous manipulation.

A

Photostimulation (artificial lighting during winter months that results in earlier than normal initiation of a mare’s estrus.) Hormonal/Endocrine Control (using hormones to control the mare’s reproductive cycles)

140
Q

What hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation and supporting the initial stages of corpus lutuem development?

A

LH

141
Q

Which gland signals the start of the reproductive season by producing a chemical signal in the form of gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

142
Q

What is the term for the oil product of the sebaceou glands that build up in the end of the penis?

A

Smegma

143
Q

Give 2 good reasons for having a mare’s immunizations up-to-date prior to foaling.

A

Higher concentration of antibodies to foal through colostrum, antibodies protect foal from disease

144
Q

Name 2 basic colors that the color ‘chestnut’ is recessive to

A

Black and bay

145
Q

Conception rates are highest when the mares are bred when?

A

1-2 days prior to ovulation

146
Q

What is one of the most common uses of human chorionic gonadotropin?

A

To stimulate follicles to ovulate

147
Q

What is the time period that occurs during the winter months when a mare is in sexual inactivity?

A

Anestrus

148
Q

At what stage of pregnancy does the mare’s nutritional need increase?

A

Last 3 months of gestation

149
Q

What is hemolyze?

A

Red blood cells that clump together

150
Q

What is the most frequent cause of twin abortions?

A

Fetal malnutrition due to insufficient surface area for placenta attachment

151
Q

How long does it take for the foal’s immune system to become functional and to be able to produce significant levels of antibodies to guard against diseases?

A

2-4 months

152
Q

What is the medical procedure used to close the mare’s vulva to prevent her from sucking air and debris into her reproductive tract?

A

Caslick operation (episoplasty)

153
Q

What process is used to prevent aspirating air and contaminants from entering the vulva of mares?

A

Caslick operation

154
Q

When does a mare’s reproductive ability begin to decrease?

A

Usually after 16 years of age

155
Q

What is the first step in freezing horse semen?

A

Collecting a gel-free semen

156
Q

What is the name of the hormone responsible for testosterone production in the stallion?

A

LH- luteinizing hormone

157
Q

What is the relationship of foals how have the same sire but are out of different dams?

A

Paternal half-sibs or half brother/sister

158
Q

Name the 3 basic models of artificial vaginas.

A

Fujhira, Missouri, and Colorado

159
Q

During parturition, what happens at the end of stage one that prepares the birth canal for the delivery of the foal?

A

Rupture of the water bag (chorion or chori-allantoic membrane)

160
Q

What are foals called that suffer from Neonatal maladjustment syndrome?

A

Dummy or convlusive foals, Barker, Wanderer

161
Q

What are the 3 methods of castration?

A

Primary closure method, closed technique, and open technique

162
Q

What are the 2 most common methods used to manipulate the estrous cycle?

A

Artificial lighting and hormone stimulation

163
Q

What is the best choice for bedding in a foaling stall prior to parturition?

A

Straw

164
Q

What is the best choice for bedding in a foaling stall prior to parturition?

A

Straw

165
Q

What is the ‘book’ of a stallion?

A

Mares to be bred to a stallion

166
Q

What is the most popular method of pregnancy diagnosis?

A

Rectal palpation

167
Q

Mares that have chronic infections for air being aspirated into the vagina are called what?

A

Windsuckers

168
Q

What type of response results from behavioral urinalysis by the stallion or teasing a mare to determine if she is in estrus and involves a curling of the upper lip of the stallion?

A

Flehman response

169
Q

What is either of the 2 upper projections in the Y-shaped uterus of the mare, connection the Fallopian tubes to the body of the uterus?

A

Uterine horn

170
Q

What is the length of the average estrous cycle?

A

21-23 days

171
Q

Within 24 hours after ovulation, the corpus luteum begins to secrete this hormone.

A

Progesterone

172
Q

Describe a teasing mill used to detect mares in estrus.

A

Special pen for the stallion surrounded by individual pens for individual mares that are being teased

173
Q

What term describes the failure to show behavioral signs of estrus?

A

Silent heat

174
Q

If a Rh positive foal nurses on an Rh negative mare with antibodies in her milk, what will happen to the foal?

A

It would die

175
Q

What part of the ovary contains the ova when a filly is born?

A

Cortex

176
Q

During the first 3 months after foaling, a mare will produce how much milk per their body weight?

A

Up to 3% of their body weight

177
Q

What is the book of a stallion?

A

Mares to be bred to the stallion

178
Q

What is the usual dilution ratio for AI?

A

1:1 or 1:4

179
Q

What is generation interval?

A

Average time between the birth of animals and birth of their replacements

180
Q

How does the length of daylight hours affect the breeding season and the reproductive response of the stallion and the mare?

A

Longer daylight hours (16 hr.) stimulate the reproductive systems, shorter hours suppresses and decreases hormones needed for reproduction

181
Q

The lethal problem called white foal syndrome will occur when breeding parents of what color together?

A

Two overo colored parents

182
Q

What is the heritability estimate when looking at the horse’s traits?

A

Percentage of a horse’s expressed traits that is due to genetics

183
Q

What are the 3 main colors of horses that provide the basis for most of the other colors in color genetics?

A

Bay, black, and chestnut

184
Q

What does flagging of the stallion’s tail indicate?

A

Ejaculation

185
Q

Name the hair-like projections that line the mare’s oviducts and are responsible for transporting ova down the oviduct.

A

Cilia

186
Q

How long does it take after castration before all spermatozoa in ejaculations to be nonmobile and pregnancy is unlikely to occur?

A

7-8 days

187
Q

What is the name of the procedure used to identify mares in estrus?

A

Teasing

188
Q

What is the short estrus period soon after foaling called?

A

Foal heat

189
Q

The ovaries are responsible for the production of which 2 female hormones?

A

Estrogen and progestrerone

190
Q

What is the scientific name for the sheath?

A

Prepuce

191
Q

What is the most popular method of pregnancy diagnosis?

A

Rectal palpation

192
Q

What is the term for the number of spermatozoa which can be collected per a 24-hour period from a stallion and is determined by collecting the stallion daily for 7 days?

A

Daily sperm output (DSO)

193
Q

A brown discoloration of the placenta with meconium in it may indicate what?

A

Foal may have had a low oxygen supply during birth

194
Q

When would breeding on the foal heat be appropriate?

A

Only if mare had a normal delivery and reproductive tract is normal

195
Q

What is the physical makeup and appearance of an organism as determined by its genes and environment?

A

Phenotype

196
Q

How long does it take the fertilized ovum to migrate to the uterus?

A

6 days

197
Q

How should the navel cord of a newborn foal be treated?

A

Navel cord should be dipped in a tincture of iodine (metaphen, merthiolate, iodine, and glycerine)

198
Q

What is the multi-layered, hollow, Y-shaped organ in the female reproductive system?

A

Uterus

199
Q

What are the finger-like projections from the end of the infundibulum that surrounds the ovary?

A

Fimbriae

200
Q

What is endometritis?

A

Infections of the uterus (inflammation of endometrium, the mucous membrane of the uterus)

201
Q

What is the primary function of the scrotum?

A

Temperature regulation of the testes

202
Q

Which organ is considered to be the ‘master organ’ of the male reproductive system because it is the site for production of spermatozoa and testosterone?

A

Testes

203
Q

What is the term used to describe the sexual drive?

A

Libido

204
Q

Out of the colors black, bay, and chestnut, tell which one is recessive and which one is dominant to the others.

A

Chestnut is recessive, black is dominant

205
Q

Which 2 hormones stimulate the gonads?

A

FSH and LH

206
Q

What 2 structures are found on the ovarian end of the Fallopian tube?

A

Infundibulum and ampulla

207
Q

What term describes the minimum number of spermatozoa produced within a 24-hour period?

A

Daily sperm production (DSP)

208
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sperm cell?

A

Head, neck, and tail

209
Q

What is the fluid portion of the semen consisting of testicular, epididymal, and accessory sex gland secretions called?

A

Seminal plasma

210
Q

How long after parturition is it before the placenta is passed?

A

10-15 minutes

211
Q

Which hormone can be used on pregnant mares to cause abortions?

A

Prostaglandin

212
Q

Testicles are usually descended into the scrotum by what age?

A

birth to 15 months

213
Q

Fetal development is greatest during the third trimester but most of the body weight gained during pregnancy occurs when?

A

Second trimester

214
Q

At what age does the average filly reach puberty?

A

12-15 months

215
Q

Colostrum contains a high level of immunoglobulins, why are these important to the foal?

A

Foals are born with no protection from diseases, immunoglobulins are antibodies to protect the foal against disease

216
Q

What is the destruction of red blood cells of the foal by the serum antibodies in the mare’s colostrum?

A

Neonatal isoerythrolysis (hemolytic icterus, foal jaundice)

217
Q

Usually ‘wax beads’, which are actually drops of colostrum, appear on the mare’s udder about how long prior to foaling?

A

2-4 days before foaling

218
Q

What is the name for the thin, transparent membrane that surrounds the foal at birth and must be removed so the foal can breathe?

A

Amnion

219
Q

What is the length of time required for spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation in the stallion?

A

About 65 days

220
Q

What is a non-infectious disorder of the central nervous system in about 1-2% of newborn foals with gross abnormal behavior?

A

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome (also called convulsive syndrome)

221
Q

What virus is the most devastating bacterial cause of pneumonia in foals?

A

Rhodococcus equi (Pronounced road-o-cock-us)

222
Q

What vaccine should be given to brood mares at the fifth, seventh, and ninth months of pregnancy?

A

Rhinopneumonitis

223
Q

What primary sex organs produce the germinal sex cells as well as the sex hormones?

A

Testicles and ovaries

224
Q

Diarrhea is a common problem of foals, but a squirting type of diarrhea can dehydrate a foal and lead to death within what amount of time?

A

Within hours

225
Q

What is pneumovagina?

A

When air and contaminants are sucked into the mare’s reproductive tract

226
Q

Which highly contagious disease causes about 90% of all foal diarrhea outbreaks and usually occurs in foals about 70 days old?

A

Rotavirus

227
Q

What are the 2 basic techniques of collecting the embryo from the donor mare and transferring it to the recipient mare?

A

Surgical and non-surgical

228
Q

Approximately how many days longer is a mule fetus carried than a horse fetus?

A

10 days

229
Q

What is the genus and species of the true zebra?

A

Equus zebra

230
Q

Name a septicemia that settles in the foal’s joints.

A

Navel ill or joint ill

231
Q

What happens when there are 2 dominant white genes in a horse?

A

It is lethal

232
Q

What are the 3 most genetically common colors of horses?

A

Black, bay, and chestnut

233
Q

Name the type of anemia that occurs in a newborn foal if it has a different blood type than its dam.

A

Neonatal isoerythrolysis (foal jaundice, Rh factor)

234
Q

What is the most common cause of infertility in mares?

A

Pneumovagina or wind sucking

235
Q

At what age does the mature ovary reach its maximum size in the mare?

A

3-4 years old

236
Q

What is the distensible muscle that acts as a physical barrier between the vagina and the uterus?

A

Cervix

237
Q

What is the only hybrid shown to be fertile?

A

Crosses between Przewalski’s horse and the horse

238
Q

What is the term for blood stream infections?

A

Septicemia

239
Q

Which hormone initiates lactation?

A

Prolactin

240
Q

What is a funnel-like membrane that surrounds the ovary and catches the egg when it is released by the ovary?

A

Infundibulum

241
Q

Name 3 modes of inheritance.

A

Autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked

242
Q

What are the 2 basic types of genetic actions?

A

Quantitative and qualitative

243
Q

What is dystocia?

A

Any foaling problem that prevents delivery of the foal by the mare’s efforts alone

244
Q

What is the effect of LH on the mare?

A

Stimulates ovulation, supports the initial stages of corpus luteum development

245
Q

How many chromosomes are responsible for the sex of the foal?

A

1 pair (2 chromosomes)

246
Q

Why is it preferable to break the umbilical cord rather than to cut it?

A

usually have less bleeding

247
Q

Approximately how many days does it take the fertilized ovum to migrate to the uterus?

A

Six

248
Q

What is the primary environmental cue regulating season reproductive activity in the mare?

A

Length of daylight

249
Q

What is an allele?

A

Nonidentical genes located at the same physical position on a chromosome

250
Q

What 2 ovarian hormones control the estrous cycle?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

251
Q

What is the main function of the scrotum?

A

Encloses the testicles and serves as a thermo-regulator

252
Q

WHat is the most common term for episioplasty, which is the artificially sealing by sutures of the labia of the vulva together?

A

Caslick operation

253
Q

What is the function of the vesicular glands in the stallion?

A

Responsible for secreting the ‘gel fraction’ to the semen

254
Q

Name the hair-like projections that line the mare’s oviducts and are responsible for transporting ova down the oviduct.

A

Cilia

255
Q

Name the parts of the stallion’s reproductive system.

A

2 testes, epididymis, urethra, penis, accessory glands (cowper’s, seminal vesicle, prostate)

256
Q

The epididymis can be divided into 3 segments, name them.

A

Head (caput), body (corpus), tail (cauda)

257
Q

In mare management, mares can be classified into what 5 types during the breeding season?

A

Pregnant, open, barren, maiden, and wet

258
Q

What are the 2 types of cryptorchids and which will usually be infertile?

A

Unilateral and bilateral, bilateral is usually infertile

259
Q

Name 3 factors that affect the stallion’s ability to produce spermatozoa.

A

Testicle size, seasons of the year, age

260
Q

What are the 3 muscles associated with the scrotum and spermatic cord that contract during cool weather to draw the testes close to the body to raise the testicular temperature?

A

Tunica dartos and cremaster

261
Q

The uterus is suspended within the body cavity by 2 tough, sheet-like structures called what?

A

Broad ligaments

262
Q

What are the 3 distinct layers of the uterus?

A

Serous (outer layer), myometrium, endometrium (innermost layer)

263
Q

What is agalactia?

A

Lack of milk production

264
Q

What is the definition of GnRH?

A

Stimulates secretion of gonadotropins

265
Q

What is the definition of FSH?

A

Gonadotropin exerting its effect on Sertoli cells

266
Q

What is the definition of LH?

A

Gonadotropin exerting its effect on the Leydig cells.

267
Q

What is the definition of Inhibin?

A

Inhibitory effect on FSH

268
Q

What is the definition of Testosterone?

A

Responsible for libido

269
Q

What is the definition of Testosterone?

A

Responsible for libido

270
Q

What is the definition of Melatonin?

A

Inhibitory effects of GnRH

KC SHB Questions (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions