Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavior of domestic animals > sexual behavior > Flashcards

sexual behavior Flashcards

1
Q

true/false: sexual behavior is one of the weakest “drive” in animals

A

false: strongest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adequate ______ in breeding animals

A

libido

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens when promoting opportunity for mating to occur?

A

survival of the fittest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

if we have improvements in animal husbandry then why do we still see problems with breeding programs?

A

◼ Seasonal breeders
◼ Artificial lighting
◼ Poor libido
◼ Mate selection preferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when an animal has poor libido, what is an alternative for mating?

A

AI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 3 stages of sexual behavior

A
  1. precopulatory- proceptive
  2. copulatory- receptive
  3. postcopulatory- refractory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are some things that happen precopulatory?

A 
search for sexual partner
courtship
sexual arousal
sexual activity of female
- estrus 
males
- potentially anytime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who is courtship initiated by?

A

the female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are signs that courtship may be intiated

A

◼ Pheromones
◼ Vocalization
◼ Increased physical activity
◼ Postural changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can cause a more aggressive courtship by the male?

A

Mounting activity in cattle

◼ Initiate courtship behavior in cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list identification of sexual partner

A

◼ Olfactory
◼ Visual
◼ Auditory
◼ Tactile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how can you tell a female is coming into estrus?

A 
Show increased physical activity:
◼ Locomotion
◼ Milling around
◼ Increased phonation
◼ Agonistic behavior towards other females

Marked increased activity at time of ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Series of highly specific courtship behaviors begin:

A 
◼ Sniffing of vulva
◼ Urination in presence of male 
◼ Flehmen
◼ Chin resting
◼ Circling
◼ Increased phonation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the flehmen response?

A

Behavior facilitates transfer of pheromones & other scents into the vomeronasal organ (VNO, or Jacobson’s organ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is the vomeronasal organ (VNO, or Jacobson’s organ) located at?

A

Located above the roof of the mouth via a duct which exits just behind the front teeth of the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the duct which exits just behind the front teeth of the animal

A

nasopalantine duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is lordosis?

A

Mating posture by estrus female
◼ Sows
◼ Cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does lordosis trigger and what is it associated with?

A

◼ Triggers significant sexual arousal by male

◼ Associated with willingness to mate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is copulatory characterized by?

A

Mounting, intromission, ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are examples of short copulators

A

bull

ram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is an example of sustained copulators

A

boar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is an example of an intermediate copulator

A

stallion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

define intromission

A

Entrance of the penis into vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

define ejaculation

A

Expulsion of semen into female reproductive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

define copulation

A

◼ Degree of learning –male

◼ Past sexual experience important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is postcopulatory characterized by?

A

◼ Dismount, refractory period

◼ Male, female or both will not engage in another period of copulatory behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

define the refractory period of postcopulation

A

Time during which a second copulation will not take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are behaviors of postcopulatory

A

Gentle grooming, nuzzling, vocal emissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

list the factors that sexual behavior depends on

A

◼ Physiological
◼ Environmental
◼ Psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how can physiological, environmental, psychological factors be categorized?

A
  1. Genetic sex of animal
  2. Perinatal organization of hormones
  3. Past social & sexual experiences
  4. Adult actions of hormones & anatomical status
  5. Attractiveness of potential mate
  6. External environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when is the sex of the animal determined and what develops

A

conception

ovaries or testes develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

when is sexual behavior programmed?

A

during prenatal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

when is the brain programmed to be either male or female?

A

during embryogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

early embryo is ______ with regard to sex

A

neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

when does the brain become feminized?

A

when there is influence of extremely limited quantities of estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

define feminization

A

development of female-like behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the role of α-fetoprotein produced during development?

A

prevents (binds) estradiol from crossing BBB & entering brain

38
Q

during development why does the brain become fully feminized?

A

because it has not been exposed to estrogen

39
Q

α-fetoprotein does not bind _________, which can do what?

A

testosterone

which can cross BBB and be converted to estradiol

40
Q

what causes masculinization of the brain in developing males?

A

high concentration of estradiol

41
Q

developing males results in the ability of embryo to develop male-like behavior ________

A

postnatally

42
Q

although dogs castrated at birth had penes that were very small, all dogs still do what?

A

urinate in a masculine posture

43
Q

what was the response of dogs castrated at birth to exogenous testosterone from dogs castrated as adults?

A

no different response to intact dogs

44
Q

what happened with dogs castrated at birth in terms of exposure to estrus females?

A

attracted and mounted them, underdeveloped external genitalia prohibited normal intromission

45
Q

what happened with dogs castrated at birth when treated with estrogen as adults?

A

◼ Showed sexual receptive behavior toward other males

◼ Neonatal androgens “defeminize” males

46
Q

what was the result of female puppies treated with androgen in utero & neonatally were altered anatomically?

A

◼ No external vagina
◼ Small phalluses
◼ Urinted in male posture half the time

47
Q

what happened with adults females when treated with androgen in utero & neonatally were altered anatomically?

A

◼ Overiectomized & treated w/ female hormones or male hormones

48
Q

what was the result of dogs on estrogen treatment?

A

no effect on the dogs showing female sexual behavior
◼ Wouldn’t stand to be mounted
◼ Had been defeminized

49
Q

what was the result of dogs treated with testosterone?

A

Experimental dogs would mount other female dogs in heat

50
Q

what is a freemartin

A

Abnormal embryogenesis of female repro tract

◼ Unique condition during formation of placenta in the cow

51
Q

embryonic membranes fuse to form common ________ in freemartins

A

chorion

52
Q

because of the shared blood supply in freemartin what happened to the embryos?

A

◼ Embryos exposed to same hormones

◼ Female exposed to testoterone & antimullerian hormone from male fetus

53
Q

with freemartin, which genitalia developed first?

A

testes occurs before ovaries

54
Q

what is the role of the antimullerian hormone?

A

Inhibits growth of paramesonephric ducts

mullerian ducts

55
Q

what happens to the paramesonephric ducts as the female reproductive tract develops?

A

don’t develop completely

56
Q

in freemartin, what happened when the ovaries cease to grow?

A

◼ Don’t develop completely
◼ Don’t produce estrogen
◼ Can produce testosterone

57
Q

true/false: Higher levels of androgens or hormones will increase libido or receptivity

A

false

58
Q

true/false: Hormonal treatment will not cure aberrant sexual behavior

A

true

59
Q

what is the purpose of ovarian hormones?

A

Attraction to & receptivity to male mounting

60
Q

which ovarian hormone is significant to cats and pigs

A

estrogen

61
Q

which ovarian hormones are significant to dogs and sheep?

A

estrogen and progesterone

62
Q

what is the purpose of ovariectomies

A

Abolishes estrus behavior in females

63
Q

define orchiectomy

A

Abolishes sexual behavior in males

64
Q

true/false: The more experienced the male, the longer sexual behavior will persist after castration

A

true

65
Q

which pubertal castration is more effective at eliminating sexual behavior, pre or post?

A

Pre-pubertal castration

66
Q

why are anatomical factors important for castration?

A

b/c small penis precludes successful intromission

67
Q

Neural damage to penis results in:

A

◼ Mis-orientation in tomcats

◼ Failure to ejaculate in bulls

68
Q

what is the result of desensitization of the vagina in cats?

A

inhibits ovulation

69
Q

what and why is it important for successful intromission and ejaculation of tomcats?

A

penile spines which induces ovulation

70
Q

what are animals influenced by in terms of social and sexual experience that is more common than abnormal hormone levels?

A

influenced by lack of adequate sexual experience

71
Q

describe lack of socialization

A

◼ Raised in isolation

◼ Suppresses sexual behavior in males

72
Q

what is the most obvious effect of lack of socialization to conspecifics is on sexual behavior

A

critical periods

73
Q

what was the result of male dogs raised in isolation from other dogs from 3 weeks of age

A

◼ Normal libido toward estrus bitches
◼ Orientation was wrong
◼ Mount improperly & seldom achieve intromission
◼ Probably an effect of lack of mounting experience
- Large part of puppy play

74
Q

what happened to boars raised in isolation form three weeks old?

A

very little sexual behavior

75
Q

what happened to the all male groups when boars were raised in isolation from three weeks old?

A

◼ Individuals direct their sexual attention to other
males
◼ Dominant males may continue to mount other males even in presence of estrus females
◼ Some homosexual behavior will cease over time
- Breeding efficiency is affected

76
Q

what are causes of negative sexual experiences?

A 
◼ During mating -deleterious effects on
future sexual behavior
◼ Overt aggression by sexual partner 
◼ Rough handling by stock person
◼ Injury sustained during mating
77
Q

what kind of animals do we see more attractiveness of a potential mate?

A

higher mammals

78
Q

what does attractiveness of estrous bitch’s urine depend on?

A

hormonal state

79
Q

when females were treated with either estrogen or testosterone, which urine were the males more attracted to?

A

female’s urine treated with estrogen

80
Q

what is the purpose of the marking behavior of males

A

Attempt to mask attractiveness of bitch urine

81
Q

why may females show individual preference for one male over another?

A

female’s innate preferences or past experiences

82
Q

what can make a male’s preference be physiological?

A

pheromone release

83
Q

why can males show individual mate preference?

A

◼ Psychological or idiosynchratic
◼ May be evolutionary basis
◼ Males may prefer females that are similar, but not too similar
-Same gene pool propagated without inbreeding

84
Q

what are some examples of distractions in terms of external environment?

A

◼ Too many observers

◼ Slippery footing

85
Q

how may the presence of another male be an effect of the external environment?

A

stimulates sexual behavior

86
Q

what is an example of the time of day being an external environmental factor

A

Cows show more signs of estrus at night

87
Q

how can introducing novel stimulus animal enhance sexual behavior

A

coolidge effect- Restoration of mating behavior in males when original female is replaced by novel female

88
Q

how can a change in settings enhance sexual behavior?

A

new environment

89
Q

how can sexual preparation enhance sexual behavior?

A

◼ Maximizes output of spermatozoa per ejaculate ◼ Prolong pre-copulatory stage
◼ False mounting
- Mounting without intromission
◼ Restraint
- Prevent from mounting when 2-3 feet from female

90
Q

idiosynchratic

A

male’s personal preference to mate with a specific female

Behavior of domestic animals (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions