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Behavior of domestic animals > cyclic activity > Flashcards

cyclic activity Flashcards

1
Q

define cyclic activity

A

Levels of arousal range from deep sleep to high levels of excitement or irritability
 States of activation
 Subdivisions associated with brain wave patterns

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2
Q

what is drowsing, describe the postures of a horse, cattle and dog

A

 State of wakefulness alternating with light sleep (head movement, eyeclosure)
 Horse-standing
 Cattle-lying on sternum
 Dog-lying on sternum with forelegs flexed under or extended

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3
Q

define resting

A

Typically in recumbent position posture with evident wakefulness

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4
Q

resting reduces ____ utilization

A

energy

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5
Q

what activities can occur when resting?

A

grooming, rumination

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6
Q

define sleeping

A

brain changes and loss of behavioral responses to many stimuli

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7
Q

two types of sleep

A

non REM and REM

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8
Q

describe the brain waves of slow wave sleep (strong/weak, high/low)

A

Brain waves are strong, low frequency

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9
Q

most sleep occurs in REM or SWS?

A

SWS

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10
Q

when does deep, restful sleep occur in SWS?

A

with in the first hour

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11
Q

which sleep has more postural muscle tone: REM or SWS?

A

SWS

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12
Q

which sleep has the most bodily movements: REM or SWS?

A

REM

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13
Q

which sleep does dream occur: REM or SWS?

A

REM

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14
Q

slow wave sleep decreases:

A

 Peripheral vascular tone
 Blood pressure
 Respiratory rate
 BMR (basal metabolic rate)**

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15
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

lowest rate of metabolism the body is in, truly resting , thermal neutral zone, most rested, metabolism at lowest level

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16
Q

what is REM (paradoxical) sleep?

A

active form of sleep:
 Dreaming
 “sleep of the body”
 Active bodily muscle movements

More difficult to arouse by sensory stimuli

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17
Q

how does REM sleep depress muscle tone

A

Inhibition of spinal muscle control areas

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18
Q

what are some irregular rates and movement sources of REM sleep?

A

Heart rate & respiratory rates irregular (dream
state)

Irregular muscle movements

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19
Q

during REM sleep, brain metabolism may be ________ by 20%

A

increased

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20
Q

during REM sleep, EEG pattern is similar to that of __________

A

wakefulness

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21
Q

REM sleep is associated with:

A 
 Reduced muscle tone 
 Postural muscle are lax
      - Trunk, neck, shoulder
 Respiration and heart rates – lowest 
 Animal lying down
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22
Q

true or false: during REM sleep, there is occasional facial or limb muscle movements

A

true

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23
Q

what are signs of drowsiness? (eyes, EEG pattern, sound)

A

 Eyes closed
 EEG pattern shows a very low amplitude, steady & rapid pattern
 Animal is easily aroused into fully active state
- Especially by sound

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24
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking, not common

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25
Q

at what state do animals cover a wide range of sensitivity to stimuli?

A

aroused or awake

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26
Q

what kind of activity is associated with arousal

A

Moderate activity associated with turning head/body toward stimuli

increased muscle tone, heart rate, respiration

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27
Q

what are awakeness characteristics

A

moving about, feeding, investigating

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28
Q

what are examples of strong arousal

A

Vigorous play, sexual, aggressive, avoidance

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29
Q

what are brain waves

A

Electrical recordings that demonstrate that there is continuous electrical activity in the brain

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30
Q

how (what states) are intensity and patterns of electrical activity determined?

A 
by level of excitation of different parts of brain
resulting from 
 Sleep
 Wakefulness 
 Brain disease
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31
Q

brain waves vs EEG

A

 Undulations in recorded electrical activity = brain waves

 Entire record = electroencephalogram (EEG)

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32
Q

describe alpha brain waves

A

 Awake, in quiet resting state of cerebration
 From occipital region, also from parietal and frontal regions
 Relaxed wakefulness

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33
Q

describe beta brain waves

A

 Attention directed toward a specific type of mental activity
 Recorded mainly parietal and frontal regions
 Alert wakefulness
 Most common daytime brain waves

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34
Q

describe theta brain waves

A 
 Drifting off to sleep
 Deep meditation
 Parietal and temporal regions
 Deliberate activity, orientation –animals 
 Hippocampus, cortical & subcortical
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35
Q

describe delta waves

A 
 Occur in very deep sleep
 Normal in awake infants
 When present in awake adult – indicate brain damage 
 Cortex , thalamus
 Slowest brain waves
36
Q

describe gamma waves

A

 Fastest of the brain waves
 Process information from various brain areas
 Responsible for conscious perception
 Associated with mood disorders, Alzheimer’s
- Altered activity

37
Q

what waves are associated with alert wakefulness?

A

beta

38
Q

what waves are associated with quiet wakefulness?

A

alpha

39
Q

describe the 1st stage of slow wave sleep

A

light sleep

- low voltage of EEG waves

40
Q

describe the 2nd stage of slow wave sleep

A

Sleep spindles – short spindle-shaped bursts of alpha waves that occur periodically

41
Q

describe the 3rd and 4th stage of slow wave sleep

A

Frequency of EEG becomes progressively slower until it reaches 1-3 waves per second
–delta waves

42
Q

describe REM sleep waves

A

 Brain waves look like that of an awake, active person
 Waves are irregular and of high frequency
 Theta and Beta waves

43
Q

sleep tends to occur in every __ hour period

A

24

44
Q

sleep tends to occur on a relatively (regular or irregular) basis?

A

regular

45
Q

define diurnal

A

Regular rhythms associated with 24 hr days
 On a daily basis
 Occurring in daylight time

46
Q

define crepuscular

A

animals active during dawn and dusk

47
Q

define circadian rhythm

A

A rhythm in a behavior, metabolism, or some other
activity such that events in it occur about every 24 hrs

ex. parathyroid hormone peaks at 6 A.M.

48
Q

define ultradian rhythms

A

 More frequent than 24 hr
 Food available ad libitum
- Most species eat 9-12 meals a day
- grazing animals

49
Q

why do animals sleep?

A

Restorative processes needed to bring body back into homeostatic state after activity

50
Q

duration of sleep for fox

A

14 hr/day

51
Q

duration of sleep for sheep

A

8 hr/day

52
Q

duration of sleep for rabbits

A

7 hr/day

53
Q

duration of sleep for horses

A

5 hr/day

54
Q

duration of sleep for dogs

A

10 hr/day

55
Q

duration of sleep for cats

A

12-16 hr/day

56
Q

duration of sleep for pigs

A

up to 19 hr/day

57
Q

Sleep is an adaptive behavior serving 2 primary functions:

A
  1. Reduce energy requirements during that part of the day when the animal is less suited to activity
  2. Reduced exposure to predators
58
Q

how can sleep replenish neurotransmitters

A

 Neural materials that were consumed during waking are recovered or re-synthesized
 Neural waste products that have accumulated are eliminated

59
Q

what is consolidation of memory

A

managing stress, during dreams, maintain memory

60
Q

what is slow wave sleep of?

A

sleep of the mind

61
Q

what is REM sleep of?

A

the body

62
Q

deprivation of ____ sleep occurs during recovery in behavioral abnormalities

A

REM

63
Q

when does rebound REM sleep occur?

A

during recovery from deprivation

64
Q

who diagnoses hyperactivity most frequently?

A

owner, least confirmed by clinician

65
Q

what is hyperactivity typically mistaken for

A

unruliness

66
Q

why may a dog constantly act unruly

A

from being unconsciously rewarded from owner with petting and high voices

67
Q

dogs spend __% of their time sleeping

A

50

68
Q

dogs spend __% of sleep in REM

A

20

69
Q

what is the posture of a dog sleeping

A

Caudolaterally

- lying with head turned back on one side

70
Q

cats spend __-__% of thier time sleeping

A

47-65

71
Q

cats spend __% of their sleep time in REM

A

20

72
Q

describe a cat’s posture when sleeping

A

on sternum with legs partly folded or laterally with legs stretched out

73
Q

where do cattle sleep?

A

Pasture or stall system where one lying place /cow

74
Q

what happens when a stall system is limited

A

 Reduced lying time among low ranking cows
 Are capable of non-REM sleep while standing
 If kept standing for 24 hr, REM sleep deprivation can occur
 Exhibit irritability towards personal

75
Q

describe the posture of cattle when sleeping

A

sternal recumbency

76
Q

what is polyphasic in horses?

A

2 or more periods of sleep/rest

77
Q

how many hr/day are horses recumbent

A

2.5

78
Q

true false: horses spend more time in lateral recumbency than sternal

A

false, sternal

79
Q

how can a horse drowse and sleep (SWS) while standing?

A

 Stay apparatus
 Ligamentous supports
 Brace the entire joint system of the forelegs and the pastern and fetlock joints in the hind legs

80
Q

when do pigs spend the most time sleeping?

A

if movement is restricted

81
Q

how many hr/day are pigs in SWS vs REM sleep

A

6 hr/day

1.75 hr/day

82
Q

true/false: pigs have extreme muscle relaxation during sleep

A

true

83
Q

how long do sheep sleep per day

A

8 hr/day

84
Q

how long does sheep SWS occupy vs REM?

A

3.5 hr/day

45 minutes

85
Q

how long can sheep exercise per day without showing signs of fatigue?

A

5 hr/day

Behavior of domestic animals (19 decks)

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