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Behavior of domestic animals > communication > Flashcards

communication Flashcards

1
Q

define communication

A

Information is exchanged among individuals

– One animal responds to signals sent out by another animal

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2
Q

communication depends on their ability to _______ messages

A

perceive

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3
Q

human communication is primarily ______

A

auditory

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4
Q

animal communication siganls

A

visual
olfactory
auditory

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5
Q

visual acuity depends on: (2)

A
  • Keenness of perception

- Acuteness or clearness of vision

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6
Q

visual acuity represents the ________ size that can be reliably identified

A

smallest

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7
Q

what is visual acuity of 20/20?

A

frequently described as meaning that a person can see detail from 20 feet away the same as a person with normal eyesight would see from 20 feet

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8
Q

what is visual acuity of 20/40?

A

– see detail from 20 feet away the same as a person with normal eyesight would see it from 40 feet away

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9
Q

what is the maximum acuity of the human eye that is superior to 20/20

A

20/10

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10
Q

visual acuity of horses

A

20/30

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11
Q

visual acuity of dogs

A

20/85

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12
Q

visual acuity of cats

A

20/100-200

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13
Q

visual acuity of cattle/pigs

A

20/200

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14
Q

visual acuity of eagles

A

20/5

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15
Q

predators have _______ vision

A

bifocal

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16
Q

what does bifocal vision allow for?

A

– Allows excellent form & depth perception

– Accurate estimates of distance to objects

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17
Q

all species of domestic animal possess _____ vision and will discriminate based on this.

A

color

Cats, dogs, horses, cattle, pigs, goats, sheep

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18
Q

dogs have shades of which colors?

A

violet, blue, yellow

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19
Q

describe cat vision

A

limited

– detectable capacity for color vision if the stimuli are large and differ greatly in spectral content (color)

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20
Q

color vision is relatively poorly developed in _____ vs primates, birds, and fish

A

ungulates

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21
Q

list the characteristics of vision in grazing animals:

A 
– Wide set eyes
– Panoramic view of world – spot predators
– Blind spot
– Wide range of monocular vision
– Limited binocular vision
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22
Q

true or false: audition is well developed in most domestic animals

A

true

23
Q

why would dogs and cats perceive higher frequencies than humans? what allows for this to happen?

A

– Help locate rodents ultrasonic noises

– Increased cochlear nerve fibers

24
Q

true or false: humans sense of smell is superior to most mammals

A

false

25
Q

which animal is olfaction poorly developed?

A

poultry

26
Q

what is olfaction?

A

– A message can be sent in absence of the sender
– Odor persists up to days
– Letter writing/texting in humans

27
Q

what is the most important sense of domestic animals and why?

A

olfactory acuity

– Individual odor recognition & pheromonal release are major part of communication

28
Q

what do mammals use sense of smell for?

A

– Social recognition

– Detecting sexual readiness

29
Q

flehmen response

A

intra-species communication. By transferring air containing pheromones and other scents

  • reproductive behavior
  • recognition
30
Q

which domestic animal has the greatest acuity

A

dogs by hundredfold

31
Q

what is broadcasting

A

Occurs when animal advertises its location by sending out signals
– Invites contact with appropriate animals

32
Q

example of broadcasting

A

– Turkey tom gobbles on his strutting ground

– Sexually receptive female excretes pheromones in urine

33
Q

what is the purpose of broadcasting evident when dominant or territorial animals make themselves conspicuous?

A

Intimidate others from approaching or competing for scarce resources

34
Q

what occurs approaching an individual before any other social interaction occurs?

A

identification

35
Q

list means of identification

A 
– Distance
– Species
– Sex
– Physiologic status
– Experience
36
Q

how do hens identify one another?

A

by visual or auditory cues because of poor sense of smell

37
Q

how did Guhl and Ortman manipulate hens appearance and reintroduced back into the flock? what happened?

A
  • Tie comb down
  • Shave neck
  • Attach different color feathers

Alterations in head/neck area resulted in attack by subordinates that failed to recognize dominant penmates

38
Q

Ramsey conducted a study of precocial birds that could find their mothers that were concealed in boxes. what was learned from this study and was the result?

A

– Recognition is learned, not instinctive
– Young birds avoided strange adult females of their own species but followed a foster mother of different species after bonding to foster mother had occurred

39
Q

how do domestic animals use identification

A

– Use sense of smell at close range

– Visual/auditory characteristics when farther away to identify individuals

40
Q

what must be identified when encountering a strange animal and what cues are important?

A
  • sex must be identified

- behavioral cues

41
Q

what are some behaviors that occur when unacquainted birds of the same sex are placed together?

A

– Face each other
– Lower heads
– Ruffle neck feathers
– Fight ensues to establish dominance

42
Q

what will happen when a cockerel is with a strange hen?

A

– She will either assume sexual crouch when
approached or avoid him
– Hens rarely attack full grown male

43
Q

what may happen when a young cockerel is introduced into a flock?

A

may be attacked by large dominant, hens

44
Q

describe waltzing behavior

A

– Rooster encounters strange hen that fails to behave in manner of another male or receptive female
– Rooster dances around the other bird w/ wing feathers spread, lowered, scraping floor
– If other bird squats – mating
– If aggressive response – fighting
– Ambiguous activity

45
Q

why would there be submissive behavior of males in bachelor herds?

A

– Allows subordinate males to live in harmony with dominant males
– Subordinates act & treated like mares

46
Q

what happens if there is imprinting during critical period?

A

Lead to inappropriate sexual behavior (identification) later in life

47
Q

what can mood signals indicate?

A

level of arousal, intention

48
Q

what signals are commonly involved in mood and intention signals? what is an example?

A
  • visual and auditory signals

- Dog growling, hackles raised

49
Q

Mating behavior patterns are largely _____ responses to “social releasers”, or stimuli provided by the partner

A

innate

50
Q

what is the first phase of mating? example?

A

involving courtship by males

- display in peacocks

51
Q

how do ungulates court?

A

by nudging, sniffing, secreting pheromones, vocalization

52
Q

true or false: sexually receptive females seek out males

A

true

53
Q

signal-response sequence

A

mating behavior involving regular sequence of events

Behavior of domestic animals (19 decks)

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