intro and terminology Flashcards
why do we domesticate animals?
for human value
how do animals benefit humans ?
food, labor, transportation, clothing, companionship
why do we use animals more for companionship now?
their societal role has changed because we don’t need them as much for work
how did primitive societies use animals?
to sustain life
what was the first trait selected for
tractability (temperament, malleable, make sure won’t kill or eat me)
what animal was the first to be domesticated, from what, about how many years ago?
dog, from wolf, maybe 15000 years ago
what 3 tellings enable domestication to be possible?
- showing reduced antipredator response
- low aggression towards humans
- effective reproduction in captivity
provide an example of good animal production
knowing how to respond to behavior
during the 20th century, why has animal use increased?
to allow for expansion of human needs since the human needs and population has increased
list some of the advances in 1950
concentrated population
intensive animal husbandry
close confinement
what are pros and cons to the concentrated population?
easier management, saves money, more efficient BUT it’s more stressful for the animal
what does CAFO stand for and what are some concerns
concentrated animal feeding operation
concerns: waste control and different behavior
Do those that which cause influencing human behavior also represent for animal behavior?
no, they have different motivation
anthropomorphism
seeing animals as if they are human, interpreting animal behavior in terms of human experience
ethology
observe and detailed description of animals in their natural habitat, study of entire behavior patterns in natural surroundings
who do we associate with ethology?
Jane Goodall
behavior
movements animals make, change from motion to non-motion in response to external or internal stimuli
provide an example of behavior in response to external and internal stimuli
a dog moving from one side of the room to the other because food was put down (external) motivated because he was hungry (internal)
there has been an increase in behavioral study the past _____ years
70
what behavioral advances have we made?
precision of behavioral description and understanding
list modern ethology techniques
sensory analysis motor control hormonal effects (cortisol) motivation body maintenance behavior reproductive behavior social structure learning/intelligence
ethogram
catalog of behavioral patterns, observation and recording details of species behavior
what environment were ethograms originally used at?
natural habitat
what do ethograms indicate
probable adaptive value of particular behavior
why do producers need to be aware of behavior?
to reduce stress
optimize production
why do pet owners need to be aware of behavior?
to ensure quality of life
what is important when handling animals?
knowledge and personal experience
why is it important to be aware of feeding behavior in livestock?
pasture selection
competition for grain
why is it important to be aware of reproductive behavior in livestock?
maintenance of breeding herd
why is it important to be aware of maternal behavior
for survival of offspring
why is it important to handle animals correctly in vet med?
to avoid injury
environmental changes = ______ changes
behavioral
how can knowledge of behavior benefit vet med?
sign of diagnosis
advising on animal husbandry
behavioral problems
assessing welfare
pathognomonic
distinctive of disease or pathologic condition , symptoms to which diagnosis can be made
example of pathognomonic
stiffness in tetanus
