Session 4 - Hemodynamics + Hemostasis Flashcards
What causes interstitial fluid edema when it comes to hydrostatic pressure?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
– or —
Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure
How does severe liver disease cause edema?
Combination of reduced production of albulmin + Portal hypertension
What mechanism causes heart failure to cause edema?
Decreased CO Decrease BF to kidneys Kidneys retain salt + water Activates renin Release of AngII = Vasoconstriction
What does canine congenital lymphedema cause?
Abnormal development of lymphatic vessels
What causes elephantiasis?
Extreme edema due to lymph vessels become blocked by filarial worms = interstitial swelling as fluids accumulate
What are the two methods for local increase in volume of blood?
Hyperemia + Congestion
What is hyperemia?
Active, arteriolar dilation
What is hyperemia called in the skin?
Erythema
What is congestion?
Passive, impaired outflow
What is hematoma?
Blood is enclosed within a tissue
What is petechiae?
Small hemorrhages
What is ecchymoses?
Large hemorrhages
What is hemosiderosis?
Excess iron storage within cells
What is extreme and pathologic excessive iron storage?
Hemochromatosis
What is erythrophagocytosis?
Macrophages that contain whole RBC’s
What are hemosiderophages?
Clusters of macrophages containing hemosiderin pigment
What are the components of virchow’s triad?
Endothelial injury
Stasis or turbulence of BF
Blood hypercoagulability
Why is virchow’s triad?
Factors that contribute to Hemostasis and thrombosis
What is a thrombosis?
Inappropriate activation of hemostatic process in the blood vessel
What are the four outcomes of coagulation?
Lysis/Resolution
Organisation
Recanalisation
Embolism
What are the three phases of infarction?
Acute + Subacute + Chronic
What is an acute infarction?
Red and often swollen or slightly raised
What is a subacute infarction?
Affected areas become pale, often still surrounded by zones of hyperemia
What is chronic infarction?
Pale, shrunken, firm
