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Pathology I > Session 16 - Respiratory IV > Flashcards

Session 16 - Respiratory IV Flashcards

1
Q

What is a epithelial upper airway malignant tumor?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What is the most frequent upper airway malignant tumor?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

Where do adenocarcinomas tend to arise from?

A

Respiratory or sinus epithelium

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4
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma called with squamous cell differentiation?

A

Adenosquamous carcinoma

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5
Q

What kind of neoplasia is associated with retroviral infections?

A

Chronic pneumonia +/- Nasal/pulmonary neoplasia

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6
Q

What is jaagsiekte?

A

Ovine retroviral pulmonary adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

What lesions do you see with jaagsiekte?

A

Heavy, wet lungs that do not collapse
Lobes w/ firm, grey nodules
Progress from cranioventral lobes to more generalized

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8
Q

What type of neoplasia is jaagsiekte classified as?

A

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma

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9
Q

What is the origin of most primary lung tumors? What cell types are most common?

A

Epithelial

Clara cells + Type II pneumocytes

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10
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes are seen with pulmonary neoplasia?

A

Hypercalcemia
Endocrinopathies
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

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11
Q

What is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?

A

Periosteal bone proliferation induced by several disease conditions including pulmonary neoplasia

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12
Q

Where do most cancers that reach the pulmonary capillaries originate from?

A

Vena cava
– and –
Pulmonary artery

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13
Q

What are common secondary neoplasms seen in the lungs?

A 
Mammary 
Thyroid 
Uterine 
Osteosarcoma 
Vaccination-site sarcoma 
Lymphoma 
Malignant melanoma 
Hemangiosarcoma
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14
Q

What is a syndrome seen in cats that have lung cancers?

A

Feline lung-digit syndrome

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15
Q

What is feline lung-digit syndrome? What cancers does it occur with?

A

Metastisis of lung cancer to digits

Associated with bronchial and bronchioalveolar carcinoma

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16
Q

What is a common gross pattern of metastasis seen when cancer spreads to the lungs?

A

Embolic pattern

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17
Q

What are mesothelial cells?

A

Flat cells that coat surfaces of organs and body cavities

Secrete fluid that acts as lubrincant

18
Q

What is cancer of mesothelial cells called?

A

Mesothelioma

19
Q

What are some general characteristics of mesothelioma?

A

Produce a lot of fluid

Commonly see Thoracic, Pericardial, or peritoneal effusions

20
Q

What is the method of metastasis seen with mesothelioma?

A

Exfoliation and Implantation

21
Q

What in the lungs acts as protection against toxic gases?

A

Mucociliary blanket

22
Q

What do water soluble gases tend to do to the lungs?

A

Dissolve and irritate the upper airway mucosa

23
Q

What are the common water soluble gases?

A

Chlorine
Ammonia
Sulfur dioxide
Hydrogen chloride

24
Q

What do less soluble gases tend to do to the lungs?

A

They do not dissolve in the upper airway and therefor will reach the lower airway and damage the bronchiolar epithelium or alveoli

25
Q

What is a common pathologic change seen with toxic gases?

A

Pulmonary edema

26
Q

What is paraquat?

A

Broad spectrum herbacide

27
Q

What does paraquat do to animals?

A

Causes fatal toxic intersitial pneumonitis

28
Q

What is the pathologic mechanism that occurs with paraquat inhalation?

A

Metabolized by clara cells
Metabolites cause release of free radicals
Peroxidation + necrosis of type I and II pneumoncytes
Massive edema and hemorrhage

29
Q

What is seen if an animal survives paraquat toxcity?

A

Extensive fibrosis

30
Q

What is responsible for pulmonary edema in lush pastures?

A

L-tryptophan

31
Q

What is the mechanism by which L-tryptophan causes pulmonary edema in cattle?

A

In the rumen L-tryptophan is metabolized into 3-methylindole
This is absorbed and carried to the lungs in blood
MFO’s from Clara cells metabolize this into a pneumotoxin
= Type I pneumocyte necrosis

32
Q

What are the clinical signs of L-tryptophan toxicity?

A

Dyspnea + Open mouth breathing

33
Q

What mold on sweet potatoes that can cause bovine pulmonary edema?

A

Fusarium solani

34
Q

What does Fusarium Solani contain that is toxic to cattle?

A

4-ipomeanol

35
Q

What makes 4-ipomeanol toxic to cattle?

A

Activated by MFO’s from Clara cells

Oxidative injury to Type I pneumocytes + Bronchiolar epithelial cells

36
Q

What plants have similar pulmonary edema effects?

A

Perilla mint
Stinkwood
Rapeseed kale

37
Q

What are the key histological features seen with acute bovine pulmonary edema?

A

Hyaline membrane formation

Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

38
Q

What will the histology of bovine pulmonary edema look similar to?

A

ARDS

39
Q

Where is acute bovine pulmonary edema most concentrated in the lungs?

A

Caudal lungs

40
Q

What is another name for acute bovine pulmonary edema ?

A

Fog fever

Pathology I (19 decks)

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