Session 10 - Cardio II (Heart Neoplasia)

Question 1

What does rhabdomyoma/sarcoma look like grossly?

Answer 1

Pale grey nodulees that form in myocardium of heart

Question 2

What is hemangiosarcoma?

Answer 2

Neoplasm of endothelial cells of blood vessels

Question 3

Where do primary hemangiosarcoma tumors tend to be?

Answer 3

right auricular appendage

Question 4

Where else in the body can hemangiosarcomas present themselves?

Answer 4

Liver + Spleen

Question 5

What is a common complication with hemangiosarcomas in the heart?

Answer 5

Hemorrhage into the pericardium

Question 6

What do hemangiosarcomas look like grossly?

Answer 6

Red, raised masses

Can be dark enough to resemble malignant melanoma

Question 7

What does hemangiosarcoma look like histologically?

Answer 7

Atypical endothelial cells supported on thin collagenous stroma
Cells form numerous blood filled fenestrations

Question 8

Where do heart-base tumors arise from?

Answer 8

Extra-cardia tissues at the heart base

Question 9

What effects can heart-base tumors cause?

Answer 9

Compress vascular structures

Question 10

What are the characteristics of a aortic chemodectoma?

Answer 10

Neoplastic growth of chemoreceptor cells

Question 11

What breed of dog is aortic chemodectoma most commonly seen in?

Answer 11

Brachycephalics

Question 12

What is the most common secondary cardiac neoplasm?

Answer 12

Lymphosarcoma

Question 13

What animals is lymphosarcoma seen in?

Answer 13

Cows + Horses + Dogs + Cats

Question 14

What does lymphosarcoma in the heart tend to look like grossly?

Answer 14

Nodules of white tissue that can resemble fat

Question 15

What does lymphosarcoma look like in the heart histologically?

Answer 15

Homogenous population of round cells in a sheet formation

Frequent mitoses and nuclear pleomorphism

Question 16

What is the microbe responsible for heartworm?

Answer 16

Dirofilariasis

Question 17

What basic pathology is seen with heart worm disease?

Answer 17

Pulmonary arteritis

Question 18

What mechanisms occur with heartworm disese?

Answer 18

Endarteritis
Endothelial damage leading to formation of thromboemboli
Obstructed pulmonary outflow can lead to vena caval syndrom

Question 19

What are the results of vena caval syndrome?

Answer 19

Liver failure
Hemolytic anemia
Cardiogenic shock

Question 20

What is endarteritis?

Answer 20

Eosinophilic infiltration of intima of vessel

Question 21

What do the thromboemboli caused by heartworm lead to in the lung?

Answer 21

Pulmonary infarction

Question 22

What is cor pulmonale?

Answer 22

Pulmonary vascular disease leading to right heart enlargement

Question 23

What are the cell types that can be seen in myocarditis?

Answer 23

Suppurative 
Lymphocytic 
Necrotizing 
Hemorrhagic 
Eosinophilic

Question 24

What does the presence of supprative tell you about the origin of the myocarditis at hand?

Answer 24

Pyogenic bacteria

Question 25

What does the presence of lymphocytic tell you about the origin of the myocarditis at hand?

Answer 25

Viral infections + Immune mediated

Question 26

What does the presence of Necrotizing tell you about the origin of the myocarditis at hand?

Answer 26

Canine parvovirus | Foot and mouth disease

Question 27

What does the presence of hemorrhagic tell you about the origin of the myocarditis at hand?

Answer 27

Clostriidium chauvoei

Question 28

What does the presence of eosinophils tell you about the origin of the myocarditis at hand?

Answer 28

Idiopathic + Parasitic

Question 29

What are the three outcomes of infection and inflammation in the myocardium?

Answer 29

Resolution + Scarring + Progression to secondary dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 30

What is the primary cause of endocarditis?

Answer 30

Bacteria

Question 31

What bacteria most commonly causes endocarditis in pigs?

Answer 31

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 32

What bacteria most commonly causes endocarditis in cattle?

Answer 32

Trueperella pyogenes

Question 33

What bacteria most commonly causes endocarditis in most other species besides cattle and pigs?

Answer 33

Streptococcus sp.

Question 34

What does endocarditis look like grossly?

Answer 34

Firable grey to tan massess adhered to surface of valve leaflets

Question 35

What valve is most likely affected by endocarditis in cattle?

Answer 35

Tricuspid

Question 36

What valve is most likely affect in endocarditis in other species besides cattle?

Answer 36

First: Mitral Second: Aortic

Question 37

Where is endocarditis least likely to be found?

Answer 37

Pulmonic valve

Question 38

What is another name for endocardiosis?

Answer 38

Myoxmatous valvular degeneration

Question 39

What is the cause of endocariosis?

Answer 39

Age

Question 40

What breeds tend to get endocariosis the most?

Answer 40

Toy/medium breeds | Cavalier king charles

Question 41

What is endocardosis responsible the most for in older dogs?

Answer 41

Congestive heart failure

Question 42

What valve is most commonly affected in endocardiosis?

Answer 42

Mitral

Question 43

What does endocardiosis look like grossly?

Answer 43

Nodules formed by subendothelial deposits of mucopolysaccharides and proliferations of myofibroblasts

Question 44

What are the associated lesions that occur with endocardosis?

Answer 44

Atrial dilation + possible rupture Jet lesions Rupture of chordae tendinae

Question 45

What animals most commonly sees hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 45

Cats

Question 46

What does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tend to progress to in cats?

Answer 46

CHF

Question 47

Where does thickening predominately occur in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 47

LV free wall and interventricular septum | LA may be dilated

Question 48

What type of thrombosis is seen in cats with hypertrophic cardiacmyopathy?

Answer 48

LA thrombosis | w/ thromboemboli of caudal abdominal aorta in 10 to 20% of cases

Question 49

What does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy look like histologically?

Answer 49

Myocyte disarray + Fibrosis

Question 50

What is the most likely cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 50

Multifactorial myocardial damage

Question 51

What, in lecture, are examples of diseases that may lead to dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 51

Taurine deficiency in cats Cobalt toxicity Myocarditis

Question 52

What occurs mechanically with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 52

Hypocontractility during systolic phase of cardiac cycle j

Question 53

What does dilated cardiomyopathy look like grossly?

Answer 53

Heart tends to be rounded All chambers may be dilated Ventricles are thin and flabby Endocardial surface may be thin and white

Question 54

What does dilated cardiomyopathy look like histologically?

Answer 54

Minimal changes seen

Question 55

What are the two most common types of primary heart tumors?

Answer 55

Rhabdomyoma/sarcoma + Hemangiosarcoma