Serum tumor markers / Histo (Pg. 220) - C

Question 1

STM - Psamomma bodies

Answer 1

“PSaMMoma bodies”

• Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
• Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
• Meningioma
• Malignant Mesothelioma

Question 2

STM - Alkaline phosphatase (Ass CA/Notes)

Answer 2

CA: Metastases to bone or liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma (placental ALP).
Notes: Must exclude hepatic origin by checking LFTs and GGT levels.

Question 3

STM - α-fetoprotein (Ass CA/Notes)

Answer 3

CA: Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, mixed germ cell tumor.
Notes: Normally made by fetus. Transiently elevated in pregnancy. High levels associated with neural tube and abdominal wall defects, low levels associated with Down syndrome.

Question 4

STM - β-hCG (Ass CA/Notes)

Answer 4

CA: Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (Gestational trophoblastic disease), testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor.
Notes: Produced by syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta.

Question 5

STM - CA 15-3/CA 27-29 (Ass CA)

Answer 5

CA: Breast cancer.

Question 6

STM - CA 19-9 (Ass CA)

Answer 6

CA: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Question 7

STM - CA 125 (Ass CA)

Answer 7

CA: Ovarian cancer.

Question 8

STM - Calcitonin (Ass CA)

Answer 8

CA: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (alone and in MEN2A, MEN2B).

Question 9

STM - CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen. Very nonspecific.) (Ass CA)

Answer 9

CA: Major associations: colorectal and pancreatic cancers.

Minor associations: gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Question 10

STM - Chromogranin (Ass CA)

Answer 10

CA: Neuroendocrine tumors.

Question 11

STM - PSA

Answer 11

CA: Prostate Cancer

Prostate-specific antigen.

(Can also be elevated in BPH and prostatitis.
Questionable risk/bene t for screening. Surveillance marker for recurrent disease after prostatectomy.)