Common brain lesions (Pg. 481)

Question 1

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Frontal lobe

Answer 1

Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, judgment; may have reemergence of primitive reflexes.

Question 2

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Frontal eye fields

Answer 2

Eyes look toward lesion.

Question 3

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Paramedian pontine reticular formation

Answer 3

Eyes look away from side of lesion.

Question 4

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 4

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (impaired adduction of ipsilateral eye; nystagmus of contralateral eye with abduction).

(eg, Multiple Sclerosis)

Question 5

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Dominant parietal cortex

Answer 5

Agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation.

(eg, Gerstmann syndrome)

Question 6

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Nondominant parietal cortex

Answer 6

Agnosia of the contralateral side of the world.

eg, Hemispatial neglect syndrome

Question 7

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Hippocampus (bilateral)

Answer 7

Anterograde amnesia—inability to make new memories.

Question 8

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Basal ganglia

Answer 8

May result in tremor at rest, chorea, athetosis.

eg, Parkinson Dz, Huntington Dz

Question 9

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Subthalamic nucleus

Answer 9

Contralateral hemiballismus.

Question 10

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Mammilary Bodies (bilateral)

Answer 10

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome—Confusion, Ataxia, Nystagmus, Ophthalmoplegia (Wernicke) & memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes (Korsakoff).

CAN’O Beer

Question 11

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Amygdala (bilateral)

Answer 11

Klüver-Bucy syndrome—disinhibited behavior (eg, hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality).

(eg, HSV-1 encephalitis)

Question 12

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Superior colliculus

Answer 12

Parinaud syndrome—paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze (rostral interstitial nucleus also involved).

(eg, Stroke, Hydrocephalus, Pinealoma)

Question 13

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Reticular activating system (midbrain)

Answer 13

Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (eg, coma).

Question 14

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 14

Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance; damage to cerebellum 􀁰 ipsilateral deficits; fall toward side of lesion.

Question 15

Common brain lesion:

Common brain lesions - Cerebellar vermis

Answer 15

Truncal ataxia, dysarthria