Drug reactions (Pg. 239) Flashcards
S/E - Coronary Vasospasm
Amphetamin, cocaine, ergot alkaloids, sumatriptan
S/E - Cutaneous flushing
Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Nitrates, Ca2+ channel blockers, Echinocandins (VANNCE)
S/E - Dilated cardiomyopathy
Anthracyclines (eg, doxorubicin, daunorubicin); prevent with dexrazoxane
S/E - Torsades de pointes
AntiArrhythmics (class IA, III), antiBiotics (eg, macrolides), anti“C”ychotics (eg, haloperidol), antiDepressants (eg, TCAs), antiEmetics (eg, ondansetron) (ABCDE)
S/E - Adrenocortical insufficiency
HPA suppression 2° to glucocorticoid withdrawal
S/E - Diabetes insipidus
Lithium, demeclocycline
S/E - Hot flashes
Tamoxifen, clomiphene
S/E - Hyperglycemia
“Taking Pills Causes Nasty Hyperglycemia”
Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTZ,
Corticosteroids
S/E - Hypothyroidism
Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides
S/E - SIADH
Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs Can’t Concentrate Serum Sodium
S/E - Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
Erythromycin
S/E - Diarrhea
Acamprosate, acarbose, cholinesterase inhibitors, colchicine, erythromycin, ezetimibe, metformin, misoprostol, orlistat, pramlintide, quinidine, SSRIs
(AACCEEMM -OPQSS)
S/E - Focal to massive hepatic necrosis
Liver “HAVAc”
- Halothane
- Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
- Valproic acid
- Acetaminophen
S/E - Hepatitis
Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins, fibrates (Antimycobacterial drugs vs. Lipid lowering agents)
S/E - Pancreatitis
“Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress”
- Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproicacid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
S/E - Pill-induced esophagitis
Bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, NSAIDs, potassium chloride, tetracyclines
S/E - Pseudomembranous colitis
Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones
S/E - Agranulocytosis
“Can Cause Pretty Major Collapse of Granulocytes”
- Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Colchicine, Ganciclovir
S/E - Aplastic anemia
“Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”
- Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil
S/E - Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia
Methyldopa, penicillin
S/E - Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
Allopurinol, anticonvulsants, antibiotics, sulfa drugs
Potentially fatal delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Latency period (2–8 weeks) followed by fever, morbilliform skin rash, and frequent multiorgan involvement. Treatment: withdrawal of offending drug, corticosteroids.
S/E - Gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
S/E - Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
“Hemolysis IS D PAIN”
- Isoniazid, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin
S/E - Megaloblastic anemia
“You’re having a mega blast with PMS”
- Hydroxyurea, Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs
S/E - Thrombocytopenia
Heparin
S/E - Thrombotic complications
Combined oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, SERMs (eg, tamoxifen, raloxifene, clomiphene)
(Estrogen-mediated S/E)
S/E - Fat redistribution
“Fat PiG”
- Protease inhibitors, Glucocorticoids
S/E - Gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin, Ca2+ channel blockers, cyclosporine
S/E - Hyperuricemia (gout)
“Painful Tophi and Feet Need Care”
- Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine
S/E - Myopathy
Statins, fibrates, niacin, colchicine, daptomycin, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-α, penicillamine, glucocorticoids
S/E - Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, GnRH agonists, aromatase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, heparin
S/E - Photosensitivity
“SAT For Photo”
- Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU
S/E - Rash (Stevens- Johnson syndrome)
“Steven Johnson has epileptic allergy to sulfa drugs and penicillin”
- Anti-epileptic drugs (especially lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin
S/E - SLE-like syndrome
Having lupus is “SHIPP-E”
- Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept
S/E - Teeth discoloration
“Teethracyclines”
- Tetracyclines
S/E - Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage
Fluoroquinolones
S/E - Cinchonism
Quinidine, quinine
Can present with tinnitus, hearing/vision loss, psychosis, and cognitive impairment
S/E - Parkinson-like syndrome
“Cogwheel rigidity of ARM”
- Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide
S/E - Seizures
“With seizures, I BITE my tongue”
- Isoniazid (vitamin B6 deficiency), Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane
S/E - Tardative dyskinesia
Antipsychotics, metoclopramide
S/E - Fanconi syndrome
Cisplatin, ifosfamide, expired tetracyclines, tenofovir
S/E - Hemorrhagic cystitis
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
Prevent by coadministering with mesna
S/E - Interstitial nephritis
Penicillins, furosemide, NSAIDs, proton pump inhibitors, sulfa drugs
S/E - Dry cough
ACE inhibitors
S/E - Pulmonary fibrosis
“My Nose Cannot Breathe Bad Air”
- Methotrexate, Nitrofurantoin, Carmustine,
Bleomycin, Busulfan, Amiodarone
S/E - Antimuscurinic
Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics
S/E - Disulfiram-like reaction
“Sorry Pals, Can’t Go Mingle”
- 1st-generation Sulfonylureas, Procarbazine, certain Cephalosporins, Griseofulvin, Metronidazole
S/E - Nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin, amphotericin B
Cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine.
