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Neuropsych > Sensory system > Flashcards

Sensory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are exteroreceptors?

A

Sensitive to stimuli arising from outside the body

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2
Q

What are interoceptors?

A

Receive stimuli from viscera

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3
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

Monitor degree of stretch - body position sense

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4
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Respond to mechanical forces

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5
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

Respond to changes in temperature

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6
Q

What are Nociceptors?

A

Respond to harmful stimul/pain

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7
Q

What are electromagnetic receptors?

A

Respond to changes in light intensity and wavelength

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8
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Responds to chemical changes associated with taste and smell, and concentrations in blood

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9
Q

What are the nonencapsulated receptors?

A

Free nerve endings
Merckel’s discs
Hair follicle receptors

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10
Q

What are the encapsulated receptors?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Neuromuscular spindles
Neurotendinous spindles

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11
Q

What is the spinocuneocerebellar tract?

A

DCML relay for conscious proprioception

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12
Q

What are epicritic receptors sensitive to?

A

Vibration
Conscious proprioception
Fine touch

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13
Q

What are protopathic receptors sensitive to?

A

Diffuse touch
Temperature
Pain

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14
Q

What are the three general parts of the ascending sensory pathway?

A

First-order neuron with cell body in dorsal root ganglion
Second-order neuron with axon that decussates and ascends
Third-order neuron usually in thalamus that projects to cerebral cortex

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15
Q

What ascending tract is for pain and temperature?

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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16
Q

What ascending tract is for light touch and pressure?

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract

17
Q

What ascending tract is for discriminative touch?

A

Posterior white columns

18
Q

What ascending tract is for unconscious information from the muscles, joints, skin, and subcutaneous tissues?

A

Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
Cuneocerebellar tract

19
Q

What is the ascending tract for spinovisual reflexes?

A

Spinotectal tract

20
Q

What tract provides an indirect pathway for information to reach cerebellum?

A

Spino-olivary tract

21
Q

What are clinical features of DCML lesions?

A

Decreased 2-point discrimination
Decreased vibratory sense
Decreased proprioception
Astereognosis
Unilateral extinction
Agraphesthesia

22
Q

What is the main pathway for pain and temperature?

A

Free nerve endings
Posterior root ganglion
Lateral spinothalamic tract and spinal lemniscus
Substantia gelatinosa
VPL of thalamus
Posterior central gyrus

23
Q

What is the main pathway for light touch and pressure?

A

Free nerve endings
Posterior root ganglion
Anterior spinothalamic tract and spinal lemniscus
Substantia gelatinosa
VPL of thalamus
Posterior central gyrus

24
Q

What is the main pathway for discriminative touch, vibratory sense, and proprioception?

A

Meissner corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, muscle spindles
Posterior root ganglion
Fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus, and medial lemniscus
Nuclei gracilis and cuneatus
VPL of thalamus
Posterior central gyrus

25
Q

What would you see with a lateral spinothalamic lesion?

A

Loss of pain and temperature below the level of the lesion

26
Q

What would you see with anterior spinothalamic lesion?

A

Loss of light touch and pressure below the level of the lesion

27
Q

What would you see with dorsal fasciculi lesion?

A

Ipsilateral loss of vibration and tactile discrimination
Ipsilateral ataxia

28
Q

What are the characteristics of Brown-Sequard syndrome?

A

Total loss of sensation at level of lesion
Loss of tactile discrimination, vibration, and proprioception of limb on side of lesion
Loss of pain and temperature of opposite limb

29
Q

What can cause Horner syndrome?

A

Lesion of brainstem or cervical part of spinal cord
Compression of stellate ganglion

30
Q

What is the general idea of Gating theory of pain?

A

Non-painful tactile stimulation can lesson pain felt

Neuropsych (20 decks)

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