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Neuropsych > Motor system > Flashcards

Motor system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic movement types?

A

Reflexive responses
Rhythmic motor patterns
Voluntary movements

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2
Q

What is the highest level of motor control?

A

Programming in cerebellum and basal nuclei

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3
Q

What is the middle level of motor control?

A

Motor cortex - projection areas

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4
Q

What is the lowest level of motor control?

A

Segmental motor controls in spinal cord

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5
Q

What is a UMN?

A

Located within brain or brainstem
Axon travel downs spinal cord
Innervates alpha and gamma motor neurons in ventral horn of spinal cord

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6
Q

What is a LMN?

A

Alpha and gamma motor neurons located in ventral horn of spinal cord

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7
Q

What layer of the cerebral cortex is almost absent in Brodmann’s areas 4 and 6?

A

Layer 4 - inner granular

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8
Q

What layer of the cerebral cortex are the cell bodies of the corticospinal tract located?

A

Layer 5

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9
Q

What will electrical stimulation of Brodmann’s area 4 cause?

A

Movement of an individual or a few muscles
Lowest threshold of movement
Short latency of movment

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10
Q

The cortical region supplying the lower limb is supplied by what artery?

A

ACA

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11
Q

The cortical region supplying the hand and face is supplied by what artery?

A

MCA

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12
Q

What occurs with a lesion to the primary motor cortex?

A

Contralateral paralysis

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13
Q

What occurs with a lesion to the premotor cortex?

A

Apraxia - inability to perform voluntary movement in the absence of paralysis

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14
Q

What is the 3 complex process of voluntary movements?

A

Posterior parietal cortex (areas 5 And 7) - identification of target
Supplementary motor cortex (area 6) - plan movement
Primary motor cortex (area 4) - execute movement

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15
Q

Efferents from the motor cortex form what tract?

A

Corticospinal tract

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16
Q

What parts of the internal capsule do the corticospinal fibers pass through?

A

Face near genu
Upper limb, trunk, and lower limb in posterior limb

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17
Q

Occlusion of what arteries can cause internal capsule lesions?

A

Deep branches of MCA
Anterior choroidal A

18
Q

What part of the midbrain do the corticospinal fibers pass through?

A

Cerebral peduncle/crus cerebri

19
Q

What happens to corticospinal fibers in the pons?

A

The separate into fascicles in ventral pons

20
Q

What happens to the corticospinal fibers in the medulla?

A

Forms pyramids of anterior medulla
Most fibers decussate

21
Q

What forms the lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal cord?

A

Crossed corticospinal fibers from medulla

22
Q

What forms the anterior corticospinal tract in the spinal cord?

A

Uncrossed corticospinal fibers from medulla

23
Q

What tract acts on the lateral motor nuclei of ventral horn of spinal cord?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

24
Q

What tract acts on the medial motor nuclei of the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Anterior corticospinal tract

25
Q

What can corticospinal axons synapse with in the spinal cord?

A

Alpha motor neurons - extrafusal muscle fibers
Gamma motor neurons - intrafusal muscle fibers to muscle spindles
Intrasegmental interneurons - project within same segment
Intersegmental interneurons - ascend and descend to different segmental levels

26
Q

What is the effect of the corticospinal tract on flexor motor neurons?

A

Facilitatory/excitatory

27
Q

What is the effect of the corticospinal tract on extensor motor neurons?

A

Inhibitory

28
Q

What are the major UMN tracts?

A

Corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract
Rubrospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
Anti-gravity reflex
Lateral vestibulospinal tract
Pontine reticulospinal tract
Medullary reticulospinal tract

29
Q

What tracts are part of the anti-gravity reflex?

A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract
Pontine reticulospinal tract
Medullary reticulospinal tract

30
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract terminate?

A

Anterior gray column of spinal cord

31
Q

Where is the rubrospinal tract located in the spinal cord?

A

Lateral white column

32
Q

What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?

A

Facilitates the activity of the flexor muscles and inhibits the activity of the extensor muscles
Allows for proximal limb flexion

33
Q

Where is the tectospinal tract located in the spinal cord?

A

Anterior white column, close to anterior median fissure

34
Q

What nuclei in the brainstem are related to the anti-gravity reflex?

A

Lateral vestibular nucleus
Reticularis pontis oralis
Reticularis pontis caudalis
Reticularis gigantocellularis

35
Q

Where do fibers of the corticobulbar pathway terminate?

A

Directly onto neurons of CN V, VII, and XII
Both contralateral and bilateral

36
Q

When will the eyes go to the side of paralysis?

A

If lesion is in the FEF and CS

37
Q

When will eyes go to the opposite side of lesion

A
38
Q

When will eyes go to the opposite side of paralysis?

A

If lesion is in the PPRF and CS

39
Q

What is decorticate regidity?

A

Lesion above the red nucleus, possibly from bleeding in internal capsule
Pt is paralyzed
Responds to stimulus by flexion of UL and extension of LL

40
Q

What is decerebrate rigidity?

A

Site of lesion in superior and inferior colliculi, below red nucleus
Extensive extensor posture of all extremities

Neuropsych (20 decks)

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