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Neuropsych > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the pons and medulla?

A

Cavity of the fourth ventricle

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2
Q

What is the name given to the connection between the two lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

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3
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebellum?

A

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

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4
Q

What are the fissures of the cerebellum?

A

Primary fissure
Posterolateral fissure
Horizontal fissure

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5
Q

What are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Archicerebellum - vermis
Paleocerebellum - medial hemispheres
Neocerebellum - lateral hemispheres

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6
Q

What nuclei are associated with the vermis of the cerebellum?

A

Fastigial
Vestibular

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7
Q

What nuclei are associated with the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Dentate

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8
Q

Where does the input to the dentate nuclei in the cerebellum originate?

A

Premotor and primary motor cortexes

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9
Q

Where does the input to the fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum originate?

A

Spinal cord
Vestibular nuclei

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9
Q

Where does the input to the interposed nuclei of the cerebellum originate?

A

Primary motor cortex
Spinal cord

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10
Q

What nuclei of the cerebellum send outputs to the thalamus?

A

Dentate
Interposed

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11
Q

What nuclei of the cerebellum sends outputs to the reticular formation?

A

Fastigial

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12
Q

What nuclei of the cerebellum send outputs to the vestibular nuclei?

A

Fastigial
Vestibular

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13
Q

What are the two sensory fibers found in the cerebellum?

A

Climbing fibers
Mossy fibers

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14
Q

What runs through the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

All efferent from dentate and interposed
Some efferent from fastigial
Anterior spinocerebellar tract

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15
Q

What runs through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

Fibers from contralateral pontine nuclei - inputs from cerebral cortex

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16
Q

What runs through the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Most afferents
Remaining efferents
Posterior spinocerebellar tract

17
Q

What are the primary input tracts to the cerebellum?

A

Anterior spinocerebellar
Posterior spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar
Vestibulocerebellar
Reticulocerebellar
Trigeminocerebellar
Olivocerebellar
Pontocerebellar

18
Q

What are the main connections for the efferents of the cerebellum?

A

Red nucleus
VA and VL nuclei of thalamus
Vestibular complex
Reticular formation

19
Q

What are the main arteries suppling the cerebellum with their branches?

A

Superior cerebellar A
Anterior inferior cerebellar A
Posterior inferior cerebellar A

20
Q

Which side of the body will a cerebellar lesion affect?

A

Ipsilateral side

21
Q

What are some of the signs of a cerebellar lesion?

A

Ataxia
Hypotonia
Intentional tremor
Rebound phenomenon
Dysdiadochokinesis
Titubation

22
Q

What is a sign of flocculonodular lobe lesion in addition to the general signs?

A

Nystagmus

23
Q

What are the folia of the cerebellum?

A

Large folds with a core of white matter

24
Q

What are the three histological layers of the cerebellum?

A

Molecular
Purkinje
Granular

25
Q

What are 2 types of neurons found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum?

A

Stellate
Basket

26
Q

What is the histological description of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum?

A

Single layer
Flask shaped cells

27
Q

What are the types of cells found in the granular layer of the cerebellum?

A

Granular cells
Golgi type II cells
Glomeruli

28
Q

What are the 3 general fiber groups found in the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

Intrinsic
Afferent
Efferent

29
Q

What is the purpose of the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum?

A

Connect different regions of the cerebellum

30
Q

Where do the climbing fibers of the cerebellum originate?

A

Olivocerebellar tracts

31
Q

What two fibers of the cerebellum are stimulatory to Purkinje cells?

A

Climbing fibers - directly
Mossy fibers - indirectly

32
Q

What is the type of spike called from an AP of a climbing fiber?

A

Complex spike

33
Q

What type of spike is generated from mossy fibers?

A

Simple spike from summation

34
Q

What are the two sources of information for cerebellar nuclei?

A

Inhibitory from Purkinje cells
Excitatory from climbing and mossy fibers

35
Q

What structures does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

Midbrain to cerebellum

36
Q

What structures does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

Pons to cerebellum

37
Q

What structures does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

Medulla oblongata to cerebellum

38
Q

What are the general functions of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination
Regulation of muscle tone
Smooth progression of movements
Somatic motor activity programming
Affect on equilibrium and balance

39
Q

What are some common diseases that affect the cerebellum?

A

Acute alcohol poisoning
Trauma
Infections
MS
Stroke
Heavy metal poisoning

40
Q

What are general attributes of cerebellar diseases?

A

No paralysis
Gait ataxia
No atrophy
No fasciculations
Hyporeflexia
Clonus
Pendular
Hypotonia
Intention tremor

41
Q

How do cerebellar outputs affect the deep nucleus via Purkinje fibers?

A

Inhibitory with GABA

Neuropsych (20 decks)

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