Cerebellum Flashcards
What separates the cerebellum from the pons and medulla?
Cavity of the fourth ventricle
What is the name given to the connection between the two lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Vermis
What are the lobes of the cerebellum?
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe
What are the fissures of the cerebellum?
Primary fissure
Posterolateral fissure
Horizontal fissure
What are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum?
Archicerebellum - vermis
Paleocerebellum - medial hemispheres
Neocerebellum - lateral hemispheres
What nuclei are associated with the vermis of the cerebellum?
Fastigial
Vestibular
What nuclei are associated with the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Dentate
Where does the input to the dentate nuclei in the cerebellum originate?
Premotor and primary motor cortexes
Where does the input to the fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum originate?
Spinal cord
Vestibular nuclei
Where does the input to the interposed nuclei of the cerebellum originate?
Primary motor cortex
Spinal cord
What nuclei of the cerebellum send outputs to the thalamus?
Dentate
Interposed
What nuclei of the cerebellum sends outputs to the reticular formation?
Fastigial
What nuclei of the cerebellum send outputs to the vestibular nuclei?
Fastigial
Vestibular
What are the two sensory fibers found in the cerebellum?
Climbing fibers
Mossy fibers
What runs through the superior cerebellar peduncle?
All efferent from dentate and interposed
Some efferent from fastigial
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
What runs through the middle cerebellar peduncle?
Fibers from contralateral pontine nuclei - inputs from cerebral cortex
What runs through the inferior cerebellar peduncle?
Most afferents
Remaining efferents
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
What are the primary input tracts to the cerebellum?
Anterior spinocerebellar
Posterior spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar
Vestibulocerebellar
Reticulocerebellar
Trigeminocerebellar
Olivocerebellar
Pontocerebellar
What are the main connections for the efferents of the cerebellum?
Red nucleus
VA and VL nuclei of thalamus
Vestibular complex
Reticular formation
What are the main arteries suppling the cerebellum with their branches?
Superior cerebellar A
Anterior inferior cerebellar A
Posterior inferior cerebellar A
Which side of the body will a cerebellar lesion affect?
Ipsilateral side
What are some of the signs of a cerebellar lesion?
Ataxia
Hypotonia
Intentional tremor
Rebound phenomenon
Dysdiadochokinesis
Titubation
What is a sign of flocculonodular lobe lesion in addition to the general signs?
Nystagmus
What are the folia of the cerebellum?
Large folds with a core of white matter
What are the three histological layers of the cerebellum?
Molecular
Purkinje
Granular
What are 2 types of neurons found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum?
Stellate
Basket
What is the histological description of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum?
Single layer
Flask shaped cells
What are the types of cells found in the granular layer of the cerebellum?
Granular cells
Golgi type II cells
Glomeruli
What are the 3 general fiber groups found in the white matter of the cerebellum?
Intrinsic
Afferent
Efferent
What is the purpose of the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum?
Connect different regions of the cerebellum
Where do the climbing fibers of the cerebellum originate?
Olivocerebellar tracts
What two fibers of the cerebellum are stimulatory to Purkinje cells?
Climbing fibers - directly
Mossy fibers - indirectly
What is the type of spike called from an AP of a climbing fiber?
Complex spike
What type of spike is generated from mossy fibers?
Simple spike from summation
What are the two sources of information for cerebellar nuclei?
Inhibitory from Purkinje cells
Excitatory from climbing and mossy fibers
What structures does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?
Midbrain to cerebellum
What structures does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect?
Pons to cerebellum
What structures does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect?
Medulla oblongata to cerebellum
What are the general functions of the cerebellum?
Coordination
Regulation of muscle tone
Smooth progression of movements
Somatic motor activity programming
Affect on equilibrium and balance
What are some common diseases that affect the cerebellum?
Acute alcohol poisoning
Trauma
Infections
MS
Stroke
Heavy metal poisoning
What are general attributes of cerebellar diseases?
No paralysis
Gait ataxia
No atrophy
No fasciculations
Hyporeflexia
Clonus
Pendular
Hypotonia
Intention tremor
How do cerebellar outputs affect the deep nucleus via Purkinje fibers?
Inhibitory with GABA
